| In digital era,digital economy has increasingly become a new kinetic engine to accelerate the high-quality development of the global economy.Hence,promoting prosperous digital economy has turned to be a strategic consensus all over the world.Under this circumstance,accelerating the innovation of digital economy has become an inevitable requirement for countries to transform their economy from factor and investment driven to innovation driven.In recent years,the international competition in digital economy development are increasingly fierce,when major countries arrange digital economy innovation one after another.Relying on its technological strength and innovation ability,the United States has established a comprehensive competitive advantage in digital economy.After China becoming the second largest economy in the world after the U.S.,China’s digital economy continues to maintain a strong momentum of expansion.With its comparative advantages in data scale,innovation and application of business model,and data infrastructure construction,China occupies an important position in the global digital economy competition.The competition between China and the United States in technology and industrial competition has become increasingly fierce.Since 2018,the "Whole-of-Government" technology containment strategy implemented by the Trump’s government has had a significant and far-reaching impact on the innovation-driven development of China’s digital economy.The fundamental change of the U.S.strategy towards China and the potential impact of the technology containment strategy against China have raised the focus of global attention.Therefore,this study attaches great theoretical significance and practical value.From the perspective of the evolution of national economic security strategy,it is of great importance to maintain the leading technology advantage in the world.After the collapse of the Soviet Union,the international security situation has changed greatly.The national security concept and national security strategy of the United States have also altered,where economic security rose to the core of the U.S.national security.The evolution of the national security strategy follows two basic logic.The invariable logic is to maintain the dominant position of the United States in the global economy,which is generally shown as leading the process of economic globalization,that is,to ensure the maximization of its economic interests in globalization.The variable logic is that the adjustment of the U.S.economic security strategy must be coordinated with the change of the global political and economic economy.These two prerequisites are aimed to ensure the absolute advantage of the scale of the U.S.economy and its absolute leading position of the innovation of the high-tech industry.The leading advantage of technology is a strong support for the U.S.to exerts influence on other countries based on the global value chain,which is also crucial to the maintenance of the U.S.economic security.By leading international specialization,the United States has made developing countries attach technology-market reliance to it,and the patent monopoly also bring the U.S.profit from technology diffusion.In addition,emerging technologies are also the basis for promoting the development of digital economy.Therefore,the U.S.government attaches great importance to its leading advantages in science and technology,carrying out strategic deployment and detailed planning for its scientific and technological innovation system,intervening and supporting the high-tech industry to keep the leading advantage in science and technology.With the gap of economy and technology between China and the United States gradually narrowing,America’s leading advantage in global science and technology has been weakened.Therefore,the United States believes that its economic security has been challenged by China,which is an important reason for its final shift to the competitive strategy of technology towards China.Since the 1990s,under the background of the engagement strategy towards China,the United States promoted scientific and technological cooperation with China,which was basically consistent with its national strategic objectives and national interests.The position difference between China and the United States in the global value chain has brought huge economic benefits through the global industrial chain to the United States,which forms the basis of the technology cooperation.However,with the rapid improvement of China’s technological strength,the ability of high-tech industry to climb up upon the global value chain has significantly enhanced.At the same time,China’s existing advantages in the field of digital economy have narrowed the position gap between China.The technological advantages of the United States are facing with challenges.In particular,the rapid development of 5G technology standards and artificial intelligence researches and development in China erodes the relative technological advantages of the United States.The U.S.believes that the competition between China and the United States in the field of science and technology is not simply a competition and friction in the field of technology,but is related to the future dominance of the global economy and the right to control the international order.Under the background of the fundamental change of Trump’s strategy towards China and the increasing trend of"decoupling" of Sino-U.S.economic relations,it is clear to identify the reasons and objectives of the U.S.to implement the technology containment strategy towards China.The technology containment strategy of Trump’s administration towards China is characterized by the "Whole-of-Government" pattern.Trump’s government has used various means such as administrative control,judicial proceedings and diplomatic pressure to suppress China’s science and technology enterprises in an all-round way.Specifically,at the administrative level,it implements high-tech export control on China,suppresses Chinese high-tech enterprises,restricts China’s high-tech investment in the United States and outward technology transfer,increases the investigation of intellectual property rights related to China,raises import tariffs on Chinese high-tech products,blocks a lot of Chinese applications,and restricts U.S.investment in China.At the judicial level,the United States has launched the "China Initiative",which focuses on the review and accusation of Chinese enterprises and individuals as well as researchers in the United States.It also exercises long arm jurisdiction to accurately pressure Chinese high-tech enterprises.At the diplomatic level,the United States misleads public to "stigmatize" China,builds international alliances to boycott China’s 5G technology and equipment,breaks the tradition of science and technology diplomacy with China,hinders the normal education and cultural cooperation between the two countries,and implements "hard decoupling" of technology from China.Under the circumstances of increasingly intense parallel competition in technology between the two country,it is difficult for Biden’s administration to make fundamental adjustments of its national security strategy and the technology containment strategy towards China in the future.Due to the poor effect of Trump’s policy towards China,Biden’s administration will rely more on multilateral system to exert pressure,and use international rules to contain China’s technological innovation and digital economy development.Under the "Whole-of-Government" technology containment of the United States,China is now facing enormous pressure on economy,science and technology,ideology,etc.Especially,due to China’s long-term technology-market dependence and technology lock-in effect by the United States in the global value chain,there is relatively limited space for China to break through the containment and achieve further development in traditional economy in the short term.Digital economy driven by big data provides a historical opportunity for China to overtake the U.S.However,the U.S.technology containment strategy towards China inevitably hinders China’s digital economy.The innovation-driven development of China’s digital economy can be divided into four aspects:basic theory and technology innovation,technical standards and norms,core components and equipment manufacturing,and business model innovation and application.On the whole,the containment strategy of the United States has certain impacts on the basic theory and technological innovation,specifically in delaying the speed of China’s technological innovation,but the overall risk is controllable.Meanwhile,it has a certain degree of impact on the formulation of technical standards,specifically in hindering the internationalization progress of Chinese standards.The most serious damage is that the containment blocks the research and development of key components and equipment manufacturing.If the United States cut off the supply chain of core components,it will make China’s high-tech industry fall into a passive situation in the short term.However,the impact on the innovation and application of business model is small,which is also the advantage of China’s digital economy innovation.Hence,it should be the focus of China’s digital economy development strategy.There is still an obvious gap between China and the United States in terms of the innovation level of digital economy innovation.The innovation strategy of China’s digital economy should be based on the continuous promotion of basic theory and technological innovation,which will create broader development space and a more favorable institutional environment for business model innovation.In the era of digital economy,the technological nationalism① of the United States has been difficult to adapt to the requirements of the development of digital economy innovation.China’s advantages in data resources and data market may make the United States form a data innovation dependence relationship with China.Therefore,in the design of digital economy innovation strategy,China should highlight and consolidate the advantages of data resources and market,so as to gain the initiative in the digital economy competition between C hina and the United States.Specifically,the formation of open local technical standards,the creation of a sound data governance system,the construction of first-class digital infrastructure,and the creation of a flexible risk supervision system should be taken as the main obj ectives to exert full play to China’s advantages.The innovation-driven development of China’s digital economy should form a strategic framework of"one body,two wings and three drives" that is,taking the innovation of digital economy as the main body,taking the innovation of technology and system as the direction.The four drives are breaking through of the restriction of underlying technology,improving the data governance system,and vigorously promoting the innovation of business model.The strategy will stimulate the vitality of innovation subjects,expand domestic demand and foreign markets,so as to promote domestic and foreign double circulation,and improve China’s voice in the global digital economy rule making,promoting the innovation-driven development of China’s digital economy. |
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