Research On The Choice Of The Military And Civilian Integration Policy Tools

With a new round of technological revolution,industrial and military integration development in the global scope,the coupling and the comprehensive competitiveness of the country,the social productive forces,the combat effectiveness of the army more tight,national defense construction and social economic,military and civilian technology integration more and more deep.In this context,the United States and other major countries and regions of the world have taken the integration of the military and the people as a strategic choice for the overall economic development and national defense construction.In China following the eighteen general civil military integration of the party as a national strategy,the nineteen party and the development of civil military integration strategy into an important part of the new era of socialist ideology Chinese characteristics and basic strategy,and further clarified the military integration of national strategic position and target task in the new era,constructed a strategic thinking,and the task of the development of civil military integration system.At present,China’s civil military integration has entered a new stage by the initial transition to the depth of integration,the rapid development of both military and civilian integration to push,and break the bottleneck of the development of military and civilian integration depth of the crucial period,the urgent need to promote institutional mechanisms and policy system reform and innovation,and in the modern paradigm of governance,and institutional reform innovation often requires specific activities for executing a series of policies,the latter is the core of the design,selection and use of policy tools.Therefore,under the established system,it is of great practical significance to use the theory of policy tools to explore the policy of military and civilian integration.Policy tools generally refers to will be referred to policy objectives into ways and concrete actions and ultimately achieve policy objectives means and mechanism,as an important branch of science policy,policy instruments by virtue of its strong theoretical interpretation ability in many fields have paid close attention to,the policy tools used in the development of civil military integration strategy,the same have a solid foundation of theory and experience.On the one hand,the integration of military and civilian nature and fundamental value embodied in three levels to promote improved efficiency of resource allocation,economic governance and system,including the diversification of supply and defense products or services to build low transaction costs of civil military integration governance mechanism,break the traditional civil military relations on the institutional arrangements of "path dependence" so,they constitute the civil military integration theory linking mechanism innovation in the design and use of various policy tools;on the other hand,the domestic and foreign civil military integration practice shows that the policy tools highly valued and widely used in the field,and shows the total effective innovation and diversification of the trend,so as we explore the civil military integration policy the tool provides a perspective of experience.The classification of policy tools is the basis for its identification.At present,there is not a kind of classification framework can include all policy tools,its multi-dimensional increased policy tool classification difficulty,different standards of different policy instruments have no right or wrong classification based on,combined with specific situation of governance implementation of classification of policy tools,emphasis and explanation helps to achieve the policy tool classification system and domain specific characteristics,policy goal,policy tool’s fit and matching.With many in the field of military and civilian integration of content,diversity of products and services on the properties and the integration of the diversity of the main features,improve the efficiency of resource allocation in civil military integration,need to adjust and improve the government,market and society three-dimensional relationship mode,to promote the formation of joint efforts,the development of civil military integration depth so that the paper in reference to Michael.Based on Howlett and M.’s other scholars on the research results,according to the different social subjects of civil military integration in style,content,degree of civil military integration policy tool is divided into compulsory type,service type,incentive type and market type of four kinds of policy tools,this thesis argues that the classification can be realistic needs in terms of civil military integration and policy instruments from the perspective of diversification of the possible difference of different fusion interest motivation and value system.The mandatory policy tools in the development of civil-military integration refer to providing behavior norms and rights and obligations guarantee to the target groups by means of government authority and mandatory power,based on the government’s statutory power and functions,and by means of control and guidance,mainly including public regulation,establishment of cooperative governance mechanism,and provision of civil-military common use.The service-oriented policy tool in the development of civil-military integration refers to the service and guidance measures taken under the circumstances that compulsory policy tools are not suitable for use.Its purpose is to provide one or more opinions with or without tendencies,mainly including providing information services,carrying out policy advisory,and improving the mechanism of resource sharing.The incentive policy tool in the development of civil-military integration is a non-compulsory way to strengthen the policy guidance function,mainly including fiscal and tax support incentives and property rights incentives.The former mainly includes various forms of financial incentives,such as subsidies,incentives,corporate tax and loan interest rates,and the latter mainly focuses on civil-military integration.The market-oriented policy instruments in the development of civil-military integration mainly refer to a series of means and methods with market mechanism as the main content,including the introduction of private capital,technology and products,the encouragement of contracting or franchising,the implementation of joint-stock reform for specific military industries,and the promotion of securitization of military wages and assets.The choice of policy tools is the theme and destination of the theoretical study of policy tools.Effective choice is the premise to play the role of policy tools.Although the types and specific forms of civil-military integration policy instruments are very diverse,this does not mean that the choice of policy instruments is random.Constructivist approach tells us that the choice of policy tools does not deny the importance of the characteristics of the tools themselves,but strengthens the influence of external situational factors such as the modulation environment,ideology,policy subsystems and specific governance characteristics on the choice of policy tools.This shows that policy tool selection can not surpass specific governance situations.Combining with the above explanation,the paper puts forward the analysis thinking of the choice of the policy tools of civil-military integration,establishes a three-dimensional analysis framework around the policy tools,the demand of civil-military integration policy,and the policy strength,and applies the content analysis method to analyze 46 national-level civil-military policies published between 2007 and 2018 in China.The data show that there are some problems in the selection and operation of civil-military integration policy tools,such as structural imbalance,inadequate policy strength and so on,which can not fully meet the needs of civil-military integration policy.On this basis,combining with the development practice of civil-military integration,the paper further discusses the problems and causes of various types of policy tools,which can be summarized as insufficient normative ability in mandatory policy tools,insufficient support ability in service-oriented policy tools,insufficient integration motivation in incentive policy tools and market-oriented policy tools.lacks of vitality.These problems not only reflect the constraints on the effective application of policy tools caused by the institutional environment characteristics of the development of civil-military integration,but also reflect the actual policy needs in the development strategy of civil-military integration.At the same time,it also points out the direction to clarify the analysis perspective of the choice of policy tools for civil-military integration and the way to solve the problem.To sum up,the paper holds that the effective selection and application of policy instruments can not be separated from the measurement of their value judgment criteria,i.e.due attention should be paid to fairness,efficiency and public interests,which is determined by the fundamental values and public attributes of the development strategy of civil-military integration.On this basis,we should further optimize the allocation structure of policy tools around the attributes of civil-military integration,namely,the nature of different defense products,different stages of development and different practical links.Combining with the improvement of the maneuverability of the policy tools,we can ensure that the policy tools can maximize the effectiveness in realizing the effective improvement of the allocation efficiency of civil-military integration resources.