| The "Opinions of the State Council on Supporting Guizhou to Explore a New Road in the New Era of Western Development"(Guo Fa [2022] No.2)clarifies the strategic positioning of Guizhou as a "leading area for ecological civilization construction",and proposes the exploration and innovation of mountain ecosystem protection and utilization models and the development of mountain tourism.It is a scientific problem faced by the current ecological civilization construction in Guizhou,that is,which is to effectively promote comprehensive poverty alleviation,consolidate the effectiveness of rocky desertification control,and effectively connect with ecological civilization construction and rural revitalization in karst.South China Karst has excellent landscapes and fragile ecosystems,where resources are rich,ecology is fragile,human land conflict is prominent,and economic development is lagging and uneven.This makes "ecology" and "development" become the scientific problems that need to be solved urgently in South China Karst.It is of great significance to carry out research on protection and tourism development model and technology of WH Karst site.Based on theories such as human land harmony,social ecosystem,collaborative development,sustainable development,and high-quality development,and in view of scientific issues and scientific and technological needs such as the synergy between protection and tourism development of WN Karst site,the synergy development model and synergy technology,we chose Shibing and Libo-Huanjiang as the research areas.From 2019 to 2023,through methods such as Analytic Hierarchy Process,Principal Component Analysis,Entropy Analysis,Coupled Coordination Model,and GIS Spatial Analysis,a full chain design,integrated deployment,and modular promotion research will be conducted on the collaborative mechanism,collaborative mode,collaborative technology,and application demonstration and promotion of collaborative mode for protection and tourism development of WN Karst site.Through the collaborative research on the value protection,integrity protection and protection management and tourism development of WNS sites,it focuses on revealing the collaborative mechanism between protection and tourism development of WNS sites,building a collaborative model,integrating collaborative technologies,and carrying out application demonstration,verification and promotion,so as to provide scientific and technological reference for the sustainable development of South China Karst and WNH sites.(1)Identified the value elements of WH Karst sites,constructed a value system of WH Karst sites,evaluated the synergistic status between protection and tourism development of WH Karst sites,clarified the synergistic mechanism between value protection and tourism development of WH Karst sites,and proposed collaborative regulation strategies and technologies of value protection and tourism development of WH Karst sites: From the perspective of protection and utilization,we transform the value from the perspective of experts into the value of WNH sites from the perspective of the general public.Identify and extract the characterization elements,carrying elements,and derivative elements of the value of WNH sites,construct a value system for WNH sites,clarify the hierarchy,spatial scope,and behavioral nature and degree of the value elements.Monitoring and evaluating the synergistic status of value protection and tourism development of WNH sites,it was found that factors at the four dimensions of value elements,interference elements,maintenance elements,and management elements play a key role in the coupling and coordination of value protection and tourism development of WNH sites.Interference elements and management elements are the main threats to the value elements.The threat level of interference factors in the Shibing is stronger than that of management factors,and the threat level of management factors to Libo-Huanjiang is stronger than that of interference factors.Based on this,the synergistic mechanism between protection and tourism development of WNH sites is derived,and regulatory strategies and technologies are proposed.Through comprehensive analysis,it has been found that the identification and extraction of the value elements of WNH sites,as well as the construction of the value system of WNH sites,fundamentally clarify the entry points for protection and tourism development of WNH sites,and are the prerequisite and foundation for their synergy.On this basis,the collaborative evaluation and deduction of collaborative mechanisms,strategies,and technologies are more scientific and reasonable,enriching the research on the protection and utilization of OUV,and laying the foundation for the synergy between protection and tourism development of WNH sites.(2)Analyzed the constituent elements of the integrity protection of WNH sites,evaluates the coupling development condition of the integrity protection and the tourism development of WNH sites,expounds the coupling mechanism between the integrity protection and the tourism development of WNH sites,and puts forward the coupling control technology between the integrity protection and the tourism development of WNH sites: By analyzing the necessary elements of OUV,boundaries and that have not been negatively affected by tourism development and/or lack of maintenance,and using the integration of GIS and unmanned aerial vehicle land technology to detect and evaluate the synergy between integrity protection and tourism development of WNH sites,the study found that although the Shibing and Libo-Huanjiang have some impact on individual property lists in the buffer zone during tourism development,but it is within the acceptable and controllable range of WNH sites,there is a good synergy between integrity protection and tourism development of Shibing and Libo-Huanjiang.Based on this,the collaborative mechanism between integrity protection and tourism development of WNH sites is deduced,and regulatory strategies and technologies for their synergy are proposed.Through comprehensive analysis,it is found that paying attention to the protection of these factors in tourism development is an effective way to ensure the coordination between the integrity protection of heritage sites and tourism development,such as the integrity of essential elements of heritage sites(property lists and their carriers),boundary integrity,the impact of tourism projects or activities on essential elements and boundaries,as well as maintenance activities for essential elements and boundaries of heritage sites.It enriches the research on the protection and utilization of OUV in WNH sites,providing spatial guarantees for the synergy between heritage site protection and tourism development.(3)Constructed a key social system and key social ecological system for the synergy between protection and management and tourism development of WNH sites,analyzed the upper and lower limits of tourism development in the key social ecological system of WNH sites,evaluated the coupling and coordination status between protection management and tourism development of WNH sites,clarified the collaborative mechanism,collaborative regulation strategies and technologies: By introducing the theory of social ecosystem,we construct the key social ecosystem of WNH sites and discover that the ecological fragility and the maximum carrying capacity of scenic areas are key links in the synergy between protection management and tourism development of WNH sites,and the former is the lower limit,the latter is the upper limit,both of which cannot be broken through.After monitoring and evaluation,we found that the vulnerability indices of Shibing and the Libo-Huanjiang are 0.32 and 0.37,respectively,indicating mild vulnerability,indicating that their ecosystem is relatively stable and the impact of tourism development on them is within their tolerance range respectively.Both are mildly fragile,indicating that their ecosystem is relatively stable and the impact of tourism development is within their tolerance range.After data comparison,we found that the daily tourist volume of both heritage sites did not exceed the maximum daily carrying capacity of scenic area in WNH sites,and did not exceed the upper limit of the social ecological system of the heritage site.The evaluation of the coupling coordination between protection management and tourism development of WNH sites shows that the coupling coordination ranking is: Libo Huanjiang Heritage Site Siqikong(0.621)>Shibing Heritage Site(0.129)>Maolan Huanjiang(0.123).Daxiaoqikong is in a transitional stage and needs to carry out high-quality tourism to improve quality and efficiency.Shibing and Maolan-Huanjiang are in a low-level coupling stage,and it is necessary to improve the level and level of tourism development.Through comprehensive analysis,it was found that the introduction of social ecosystem theory is an effective way to solve the synergy between protection management and tourism development of WNH,which enrich the research on protection and utilization of OUV,and provide action guarantees for the synergy between protection and tourism development of WNH sites.(4)Deduced the synergistic mechanism between protection and tourism development of WNH Karst site,constructed a synergistic model between protection and tourism development,and integrated the common key technologies of protection and tourism development: On the basis of collaborative research on the three subsystems of value protection,integrity protection,protection management and tourism development of WNH sites,we have deduced the synergistic mechanism between protection and tourism development,summarized four protection models and nine tourism development models for WNH sites,and integrated six balanced management models of protection and tourism development for WNH sites.Based on the actual situation of Shibing and Libo-Huanjiang,we have constructed “Balancing management model between conservation and mountain tourism of Shibing” and“Balancing management model between conservation and ecotourism of Libo-Huanjiang(Balancing management model between protection and ecotourism of Daxiaoqikong,Balancing management model between protection and ecotourism of Maolan-Huanjiang)”,and has been developed and integrated with common key technologies of protection and tourism development for WH Karst site.Through comprehensive analysis,we found that it is benchmarking to OUV and actionableit that the collaborative mechanism between protection and tourism development of WNH sites from the relationship between humans and the environment,constructed a collaborative model between protection and tourism,and integrated collaborative technologies to enhance the standardization and operability of the studied OUV,which enriches the research on the protection and utilization of heritage site OUV.(5)The model of the protection and the tourism development of WNH sites has been demonstrated,verified,optimized,adjusted and promoted: The evaluation results indicate that the ecological benefits of the collaborative model of WNH sites are significant,with an increase of 17.15% in the forest land of Shibing and 17.48% in the forest land of Libo Huanjiang.The economic and social benefits of WNH sites will be greatly affected by the COVID-19 after 2020,and the economic benefits of the heritage site will be obvious before 2020.The growth rate of Shibing is 12.2%,and the growth rate of Libo-Huanjiang is 34.20%.The social benefits of WNH sites were also relatively significant before 2020,with a growth rate of 6.8% for Shibing and18.50% of Libo-Huanjiang.The most suitable place of Shibing mode is in Shilin of Yunnan,and the most suitable place of Daxiaoqikong mode is in Guilin of Guangxi,and the most suitable place of Maolan-Huanjiang model is in Wulong and Jinfoshan of Chongqing.Application demonstration is conducive to promoting the transformation and exchange of research results,and promoting the sustainable development of WNH sites.At the same time,the application demonstration needs to be further improved in terms of methods,technologies,and approaches. |
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