A Study On The Reorganization And Transformation Of The Red Army In Communist-controlled China And The Relationship Between The Party And The Army

The unified leadership of the party over the army,namely,“Leading the army by the party”,is an important organizational principle of the Leninism political parties and a core principle of the CPC in building the army.Taking the party leading the army as the core principle of building the army is not achieved overnight,but evolves from“First the party and then the army” to“Parallel the party and the army” under multiple causes both inside and outside,finally,the formation of the“Party-led” army guidelines.After the breakdown of the first kmt-cpc cooperation,with the Bolshevism of the upper echelons of the CCP and the shift of revolutionary strategy from urban to rural areas,the organizational construction of Communist-controlled China became the most important issue that the CCP had to face,the process of strengthening the control and transformation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China over the border areas is also the process of forging Leninism parties in the border areas.To strengthen the party’s leadership and control over the army through such measures as reorganization and transformation is a key link in the party’s organizational construction in Communist-controlled China.In the early days of the Communist Party of China,the army,which was distributed throughout the country,was in fact under the leadership of the local party in legal terms.However,in practice,the army often led the way,helping to create base areas and build local party organizations,it is inevitable to form a situation in which the army is superior to the party and the army is strong and the party is weak.The relationship between the army and the local party was quite complicated during the Red Army period,with regard to such issues as the leadership of the army,the direction and line of the central government,the cognition and development strategy of the revolutionary situation,and the requisition of local resources and manpower,especially during the Agrarian Revolutionary War in Shaanxi,Gansu and southern Communist-controlled China.It was a complex and difficult process for the Communist Party of China to apply its theoretical understanding of the relationship between the party and the army to the practice of establishing the Red Army in Communist-controlled China,Gansu and southern Shaanxi,the frequent power interaction between the party and the army strengthened the principle of“Leading the army by the party” and“Directing the gun by the party”,which provided valuable experience and lessons for shaping the benign party-army relationship.The origin,reorganization and transformation of the Communist-controlled China Red Army in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the southern Shaanxi province is an important exploration and practice for the CPC to establish the party army model of “Leading the army by the party” and “Commanding the gun by the party” in the local Red Army.The origin,reorganization and transformation of the red 26th Army in the Shaanxi-gansu border area is a process of“The party of the gentry” and“The Red Army of the militia” The origin,reorganization and transformation of the twenty-seven St Army in Shanbei is a process of“Arming the peasants” and “Regularizing the guerrillas” The 29th Red Army in southern Shaanxi is a revolutionary armed force established by the special committee of the CPC in southern Shaanxi and Chen Qianlun under the guidance of the CPC Central Committee and the Party Committee of Shaanxi Province.The CCP established the path of “Leading the army by the party” through various means in the red 26 army of the Shaanxi-gansu border region,the red 27 Army of Shanbei,and the red 29 army of southern Shaanxi,it is an important part of the party’s multi-path of“Controlling the army by the party”,which is subordinate to the party’s path of“Controlling the army by the party”.The reorganization and transformation of the Red Army in the shaanxi-gansu Soviet area is not only the establishment of the principle of“Leading the army by the party”,it is also the process of rebuilding the relationship between the party and the army in the shaanxi-gansu Soviet area.(the evolution of the relationship between the party and the army in the shaanxi-gansu Soviet area is not obvious because the existence of the red 29th Army in southern Communist-controlled China is relatively short.The development of the relationship between the CPC and the army in the Soviet area of Shaanxi and Gansu can be divided into three stages,the Politics of Shaanxi and the Shanbei special commission are hoping to“Regularize” and “Red Army” their troops by blending them together.Due to the lack of practical ability of the military personnel,such as Asarum forbesii,and their limited level of military command,in the second stage,there will be frequent disputes between the party and the army,and more and more conflicts between the party and the army.This will lead to continuous losses of the army,which will lead to continuous conflicts with Liu Zhidan and other members of the Army’s strength faction,liu Zhidan led the red 26th Army to attack frequently during the period when the Politics of Shaanxi was destroyed repeatedly.The successes were reported frequently,and his personal prestige reached its peak.Later,although Guo Hongtao,a foreign cadre,used Xie’s support to crack down on local Red Army cadres such as Liu Zhidan,he never made it to the core military leadership in Shaanxi and Gansu.In this stage,the relationship between the party and the army was more harmonious and stable,the two sides were interdependent and symbiotic,and the Shaanxi-gansu Red Army led by Liu Zhidan had considerable room for autonomy,with the arrival of Zhu Lizhi,representative of the CPC Central Committee,and the 25th Red Army of Hubei,Henan,Anhui,Communist-controlled China,and the establishment of the CPC Shaanxi,Gansu and Shanxi provincial committee,the contradiction between the party and the army became more intense.Through the reorganization and formation of the 15th Red Army,Zhu and others began to transform the Northwest Red Army,and Liu Zhidan and other cadres were gradually marginalized.The Laushan campaign caused the contradiction between the party and the army to intensify rapidly,and finally prompted Zhu Lizhi,Guo Hongtao and others to take the way of“Eliminating rebellion”,which strengthened the supreme authority of the party in the Red Army and the Shaanxi-gansu Soviet area,the relationship between the party and the army has been completely reshaped,and the situation of“The party commanding the gun” has basically taken shape.Compared with other Soviet areas,the relationship between the CPC and the army in Shaanxi-gansu Soviet area has its own particularity.In the shaanxi-gansu Soviet area,the role of local revolutionary Liu Zhidan was particularly crucial.Since the revolution in the shaanxi-gansu Soviet area was initiated by local revolutionaries such as Liu Zhidan,for a long time it was also dominated by the local elite,Liu Zhidan,thus giving the region greater autonomy.In addition,between the modernity and the tradition of the revolution,because of the marginal position of the Shaanxi-gansu Soviet area in the revolutionary strategy of the Communist Party of China,the organizational transformation of the Shaanxi-gansu Soviet area by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has lagged behind,traditional factors in the shaanxi-gansu Soviet area has a more long-term and strong influence.Liu Zhidan forged broad alliances with peasant militias such as the militia and founded the Soviet Union in Shaanxi.But the vested interests and connections of these people have hindered land reform and challenged the party’s authority,so the central committee has faced more resistance in strengthening its organizational control over the shaanxi-gansu Soviet area.In this sense,the Communist Party of China Central Committee representative Zhu Lizhi,Guo Hongtao and the Red 25 Army from Hubei,Henan,Anhui and Communist-controlled China launched counter-revolutionaries movement,in addition to threatening Liu’s status,but also to serve a larger revolutionary goal.While it imprisoned local leaders such as Liu Zhidan,Gao Gang and Xi Zhongxun,it also purged local elites with a strong tradition in the party and military in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces.More importantly,though by accident,the Central Committee of the Communist Party arrived in Shanbei in time to stop the purge.But Liu Zhidan and his entire staff have been sidelined by the new central leadership.Therefore,in the period of the Soviet Revolution,due to the limited control of the central organization of the CPC and the difference of local autonomy,the organization construction practice of each Soviet area did not have the synchronism in time and the homogeneity in path.In the study of the history of Soviet areas,it is necessary to break away from the unitary historical narrative mode,uncover the multiple historical realities hidden under the ideological narrative mode and the model historical narrative mode,and explore the particularity of each Soviet area itself.However,researchers should enter the study of local revolution with the concern of the overall history,and explore the differences and particularity in the "global" and "common" of history,To outline the historical essence and panorama of the early revolution of the CPC at the local level.