| Backtracking the historical process of urban development,people-oriented development represents both the initial target and persistent mission of city construction,and also nurtures the future and hope of cities.The report of the 20 th CPC National Congress pointed out that “people build their own city to serve themselves”.It is of great practical significance to explore the impact of urban living environment quality on residents’ perception,and to build a peopleoriented urban living environment and enhance residents’ happiness.Based on the review and induction of existing research literature,this article divides urban human settlement quality into objective and subjective evaluations,and divides residents’ perceptions into long-term and short-term perceptions.Based on the theory of spatial and behavioral interaction,the theory of human-land relationship based on behavior,and the theory of place attachment,guided by four temporal and spatial behavior paradigms of multi-agent interaction,long-short-term interaction,physical-virtual interaction,and subjective-objective interaction,considering the problems of modifiable area units,geographical background uncertainty,and neighborhood effect averaging,this article analyzes the impact path of urban human settlement quality on residents’ perceptions from the perspective of temporal and spatial behavior,and proposes a theoretical analysis framework of “urban human settlement qualitytemporal and spatial behavior-residents’ perceptions”.An indicator system is constructed to evaluate urban human settlement quality;methods such as volunteer geographic information big data mining,social surveys,and deep learning natural language processing are used to measure urban residents’ perceptions.Based on structural equation modeling,multilevel polynomial logistic regression analysis,geographical weighted regression analysis,etc.,the impact and path of urban human settlement quality on residents’ perceptions at the urban,urban district,and community scales are analyzed.Based on theoretical analysis,empirical research was conducted at three scales: city,urban area,and community.First,at the city scale,using data from the China Labor Force Dynamic Survey and urban statistical yearbooks,an evaluation index system was constructed to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the objective evaluation of human settlements quality in 63 cities across the country from 2010 to 2021,explore differences in longterm perception among residents with different natural structures,income levels,and regions,and verify the theoretical path of “objective evaluation of urban human settlements qualitytemporal and spatial behavior-long-term perception of residents” via structural equation modeling results,summarizing the differences in influence paths among different urban types.Second,at the urban area scale,using data from a 2023 questionnaire survey of residents in Jinan City’s physical examination,the theoretical path of “subjective evaluation of urban human settlements quality-temporal and spatial behavior-long-term perception of residents” was verified based on structural equation modeling,and the differences in influence paths between built-up areas and non-built-up areas were explored.Third,at the community scale,using social media check-in data from Jinan City in 2021,logistic regression analysis and geographical weighted regression were comprehensively used to verify the theoretical path of “objective evaluation of urban human settlements quality-temporal and spatial behavior-short-term perception of residents”,and the moderating effect of individual differences was explored.Finally,based on China’s national conditions and combined with research results,optimization and improvement strategies for urban human settlements quality that take residents’ perception into account were proposed.Through theoretical and empirical research,the following conclusions were drawn:(1)The objective living environment of cities stimulates individual residents,which forms a subjective evaluation of the environment in their daily cognitive,behavioral,and emotional processes,and affects their perception.This article divides the daily activities of residents into three types: work commuting,leisure exercise,and interpersonal communication.The daily emotions of residents are divided into three types: positive emotions,negative emotions,and neutral emotions.The cognition of residents is divided into two types: neighborhood communication satisfaction and physical health cognition;The above behaviors,emotions,and cognition constitute the mediating variables that affect the perception of urban living environment quality by residents.The subjective and objective evaluation of urban living environment quality affects the long-term and short-term perception of residents through the mediating effect of cognition,emotions,and behavior.At the same time,the living environment can directly affect the perception of residents,which is the theoretical analysis framework of“urban living environment quality spatiotemporal behavior resident perception”.(2)The objective evaluation of the quality of urban living environment in China has shown characteristics in terms of spatiotemporal evolution,such as the South being better than the North,clustered distribution,and decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.The cities with better quality of urban human settlements have three distribution characteristics.First,cluster distribution,mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas,the Yangtze River basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Pearl River.Second,the quality of living environment decreases from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.Third,cities with the highest scores for urban living environment quality were basically distributed along the Hu Huanyong Line in 2010,and gradually moved towards the eastern coast.In 2021,almost all of them were distributed along the eastern coast.The subjective evaluation of the living environment quality in Jinan urban area decreases from the support system,occupational and residential system,social system,natural system to residential system.(3)Residents’ perceptions vary significantly in terms of space,income level,and natural structure.In terms of spatial distribution,residents in the Yangtze River Delta region have the highest level of long-term perception,while the Southwest region is in the “low-lying area” of residents’ perception.The perception of urban residents in the north is slightly higher than that in the south.The long-term perception of residents follows an inverted “U” pattern as the size of the city expands.Residents’ perceptions increase with the increase of annual household income level,with high-yield households at the highest point and small-wealth households decreasing.Residents’ perceptions show a “U” shape with age,with higher levels of perception among young and elderly people;the younger the age,the more likely they are to express positive emotions.Women tend to share activities related to socializing,diet,and express positive emotions;men have no obvious emotional tendency on social media.(4)The impact path of “objective evaluation of urban human settlement quality-spatial and temporal behavior-long-term perception of residents” is established.At the urban scale,the objective evaluation of urban human settlement quality in China has an impact on residents’ long-term perception through the mediating effects of neighborhood interaction satisfaction,work commuting behavior,leisure exercise behavior,and short-term negative emotions.It can also directly affect residents’ perception.The above-mentioned impact paths exhibit spatial differences.Among them,the mediating effects of neighborhood interaction satisfaction and short-term negative emotions are established for all types of cities.The higher the neighborhood interaction satisfaction,the better the long-term perception of residents;short-term negative emotions have a negative impact on residents’ long-term perception.The mediating effect of average commuting time is only established in prefecture-level cities,while the mediating effect of average commuting cost is only established in small and medium-sized cities.The mediating effect of average exercise frequency is only established in super and mega cities,while the mediating effect of average exercise time is only established in type I and II large cities and northern cities.(5)The impact path of “subjective evaluation of urban human settlement quality-temporal and spatial behavior-long-term perception of residents” is established.On the urban scale,the subjective evaluation of urban human settlement quality in Jinan affects residents’ long-term perception through the mediating effects of physical health cognition,leisure exercise behavior,and work commuting behavior,and can also directly affect long-term perception.The subjective evaluation of urban safety accident response capability,emergency site setting,and commuting constitutes the main aspect of residents’ understanding of urban human settlement quality.The positive impact of subjective evaluation of residential system,supporting system,and natural system on residents’ long-term perception decreases sequentially,while the subjective evaluation of work-life balance has a negative impact on residents’ long-term perception.Subjective evaluation of residential system and supporting system plays a key role in physical health cognition,while subjective evaluation of work-life balance significantly affects the frequency of physical exercise.Subjective evaluation of social system and supporting system has a positive impact on commuting time.The positive impact of physical health cognition and leisure exercise behavior on residents’ long-term perception decreases sequentially,while the negative impact of commuting time on residents’ long-term perception.Residents in built-up areas are more sensitive to urban natural systems and work-life balance,while non-built-up area residents are more concerned about subjective evaluation of urban supporting systems.(6)The impact path of “objective evaluation of urban human settlement quality-spatial and temporal behavior-short-term perception of residents” is established,and the objective evaluation of the quality of human settlement in Jinan community has a significant impact on the short-term emotions and behaviors of residents.The greater the density of sports venues and the more diverse the land use patterns,the easier it is for older residents to generate positive emotions.The greater the density of general hospitals,the easier it is for older residents to generate negative emotions.The higher the level of land use diversification,the higher the frequency of social activities of residents.The higher the density of parks,the higher the frequency of work and study of residents.There are spatial differences in the impact of various factors on the short-term perception of residents in the quality of human settlement in the community,such as the increasing trend of park density on negative emotions from north to south.(7)Based on the above conclusions,this paper proposes measures such as improving the urban ecological environment,enhancing talent cultivation,improving the efficiency of urban land use,optimizing urban public service facilities,creating a sense of local identity and belonging in the city,creating social equity,paying attention to vulnerable groups,and improving the quality of life are helpful to achieve the optimization and regulation of urban human settlement environment quality for residents’ perception. |
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