| Xing Tong was an outstanding calligrapher and litterateur in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty.He created a large number of calligraphy and literary works,and put forward some classic literary and art theories,which became a part of literary and art trend of thought in late Ming Dynasty that cannot be ignored.He used to travel all over the world,has a wide range of knowledge,broad vision,and with many scholars and scholars close contact.When he was alive,he had already won the general recognition of the literati at that time,and his calligraphy works were even widely purchased and sought by the envoys of countries and regions such as Goryeo and Ryukyu,which shows that his influence was very wide.Combining the research achievements and problems of the former sages,this paper places Xing Tong in the literary and artistic trend of the late Ming Dynasty,and makes a more in-depth and extensive investigation of his literature,calligraphy and literary and artistic thoughts,in order to reveal a core question:what kind of influence did Xing Tong have on the literary and artistic trend of the late Ming Dynasty? The main points are as follows.From the overall investigation of the historical background of the late Ming Dynasty and the historical context of Xing Tong’s life through the political,economic and ideological aspects,we can see that at this time,the economy was unprecedentedly prosperous,the thoughts of literati and scholar-officials began to awaken,their aesthetic orientation changed greatly under the influence of the whole social atmosphere,and the transformation of the literary world came into being.At this time,after several generations of efforts,the Xing family of Linyi has a higher cultural accomplishment,they actively participate in the local construction,in the late Ming Dynasty became a clean and elegant,science and literature family.Xing entered the civil service at the age of 23,beginning his troubled career.After he became an official,he talked about the classics,made extensive contacts and carried out literary and artistic creation,leaving the works such as the Collection of the Coming Bird Museum and the Coming Bird Museum Post.Xing Tong has a wide range of social contacts,including poetry friends,calligraphy talents,scholars and many good teachers and wise friends.As a very influential scholar in northern China at that time,he built Ji Garden in his hometown Linyi after becoming an official,which became a gathering place for scholars from south to north.The closest contacts with Xing Tong were imperial teacher Yu Shenxing,literary master Wang Shizhen,Li Weizhen,one of the "five sons of Zhongxing",Dong Qichang,who started the Zongli school in the history of calligraphy and painting in the late Ming Dynasty.They either have high attainments in the book world,have their own school,or have unique opinions in the field of literary creation.They influenced each other’s literary ideas and creative practice,and had an important influence on each other’s artistic career.To investigate Xing Tong’s social track,to demonstrate his cultural environment,and to analyze the motivation of his literary and artistic creation are essential clues for a comprehensive understanding and study of Xing Tong.Xing Tong’s intercourse with literary elites also influenced the development of literary circles,literary circles and literary thoughts in the late Ming Dynasty.As an influential litterateur active in the literary circles of the late Ming Dynasty,Xing Tong’s literary thoughts were diversified.He has a clear tendency of classicism in literary creation and ideas,and can take the initiative to recognize the limitations of imitating antiquity,so he is not a pure retro writer.Xing Tong’s poems are ancient and elegant,diverse and inclusive,with a wide range of themes and sincere feelings.Their contents cover many aspects,such as seeking for husband and wife,remembering the past,social livelihood,farewell,chanting things with ambition,reward and reply,painting scenery and lyricism,idyllic residence,etc.His prose creation from the Qin and Han dynasties,preamble and postscript,inscription,chronicle,epistle and correspondence and other genres with ease,write calmly.In his creation,he was influenced by classicism and Yangming’s theory of mind,and also accepted the regional edification of Wuzhong fashion and Qilu style,showing the characteristics of diversity and richness and embracing the new.As a man of letters with extensive contacts and rich writings in northern China in the late Ming Dynasty,Xing Tong received the attention of the literati in the Ming and Qing dynasties,and was praised by the famous scholars in the four places,which shows his remarkable achievements in the literary circle.Xing Tong’s style of writing has undergone many changes.He learned the style of Taige and Wumen school in his early years,and thus entered the official career smoothly.Later,he took the two Kings as the emperor,started the exploration of classical style of writing,and constantly improved the skills of writing and writing.In the end,he found the middle ground between classicism and Romanticism,and formed the ideal of book study which admired the two Kings and studied the ancient."Laijia Pavilion Post" is a post that he presided over and engraved.The publication of this post makes "Clearing Tang Post" receive due attention from the world,and arouses a strong response in the book circle.Xing Tong followed the original appearance and was the original source of the two Kings’ style of writing,and "Laijiaoguan" became a model of private engravings by literati in the late Ming Dynasty.Driven by him,the northern literati and noble scholars published and engraved books,and together left rich cultural treasures for future generations.Later generations sorted out his works,engraved by Jiangnan famous craftsmen into the "Authentic painting of the Museum of birds".Xing Tong’s calligraphy,between the retro and romantic,has entered the realm of the ancient and the new,and has made outstanding achievements in purifying the style of the two Kings.Xing Tong’s younger sister Xing Cijing was deeply influenced by her brother,and she made remarkable achievements in the fields of poetry,calligraphy,painting,engraving and other arts.Most of Xing’s early works show the time when a woman was in the family,and they have a quiet and leisurely life atmosphere.After marriage,poems such as "Zhilan Room non-non-grass","Chasing pen Qian road" and "for husband please Shirting code sparse" reflect her bumpy life experience,but also represent her literary creation achievements,and her text has its own detached style in the graceful and tough.Xing Cijing’s calligraphy is after the two Kings and the Zong Fa of Wei and Jin dynasties.She has a broad vision and can learn from Zhong Yao,Suo Jing,Wei Shuo,Zhao Mengfu,Dong Qichang and other writers,and extract the best of them and use them for her own use,presenting a strong,robust and magnificent Under the influence of Xing Tong,Xing Cijing became an outstanding woman in the literature and art history of the late Ming Dynasty and even the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and inspired the expansion of literary and artistic creation themes and the popularity of compilation and collection of works of the talented female groups in later generations.Xing Tong had a great influence on the literary and art trend of the late Ming Dynasty.His literary and art thought was dominated by classicism.However,he was not a conservative reversionist.Dong Qichang,the standard-bearer of classicism,regarded "plain" as the ideal state of poetry,calligraphy and painting,and believed that "Jin Shang Yun,Tang Shang Fa,Song Shang Yi".In contrast,Xing Tong insisted on the Jin method of two Kings,and pointed out that "the characters use the king and miscellaneous chapters",and emphasized the purity of the writing method.Xing Tong and Xu Wei,who opened the wave of romanticism,seem to be in two opposing camps,but under the surface of differences,there is a common creative consciousness and innovative nature.Xing Tong was able to break the stereotype.Despite the antagonism between classicism and Romanticism,he still found the possibility of coexistence between the two,and promoted the process of literary thought in the late Ming Dynasty. |
