The Isomorphism Of Spiritual Causes And Social Causes

By reviewing the problems that Mr.Liang Shuming once faced,this dissertation discusses Liang’s thoughts on the road to cultural remodeling and social reconstruction in the context of his pursuit of the fundamental purpose and social ideal of education.The dissertation revolves around a core theme of his thoughts: why is it possible for spiritual careers to become social careers? That is to say,how to lead to the overall reshaping of life and society with education that settles down.Liang Shuming introduced the Confucian ideal of "scholar and gentleman" into the education of the common people and injected into it the educational tendency of "cultivating oneself and nurturing virtues".And under the influence of the tradition of "rites and music education",the foundation of social reform is deeply rooted in the "shaping of people",especially the shaping of people’s life attitude.He took the path of education and put forward the systematic idea of social reform: the education shaped for the social subject influences the overall reconstruction of politics,culture,ethics,social life,and value system,and then tried to find a way of modern transformation of Chinese society based on the "particularity" of China and implying Confucian ideals in the debate between ancient and modern times as well as between China and the West.This dissertation discusses the relationship between human "body" and "heart" from the perspective of education,elaborates on the transformation from human shaping to society shaping,introduces the classic structure of "state-society-individual",and constructs the whole discusses by responding to gradually deepening different problems,thus forming a multi-dimensional discussion of Liang Shuming’s educational path with social transformation as the fundamental goal.In other words,how to build an ideal society through the education about individual’s well-being,the implied value and breakthrough,and the hidden difficulties and contradictions.The first chapter starts from the fundamental problems art faces--the unity of body and mind,the connection between the spiritual world and the living world and reunderstands the origin of Liang Shuming’s educational thought--the relationship between "body","mind","inner" and "outer" behind the "two major problems".Then,it discusses the source of the thought influenced by it: two clues in the history of Chinese society and culture,the path of inheriting Chinese traditional "the principle of art and literature" and "the principle of poetry teaching",and the path of connecting Chinese modern art history that emphasizes the "people’s nature" of art,art’s integration into social movement and social transformation.The second chapter sorts out several stages of the formation and development of Liang Shuming’s educational thought,and refines its core gist and basic context: the shaping of life attitude guided by "emotional education",the overall reconstruction of society that the shaping of social subject leads to;the individual’s well-being oriented education that responds to the "life problem" is the basis for resolving the "social problem",and finally achieves the solution of "life problem" and "social problem".The third chapter takes the shaping of "Sixth Lun",which is the key link of social reform as the starting point to discuss the educational program from the reconstruction of group-self relationship to the reconstruction of social structure: In the framework of ethical society,the "individual" and "group",which are absent in traditional Chinese society,should be established--the "individual" with independent consciousness and as a "social person",the "group" with cohesive force and held together by "ethical friendship".Then,the breakthrough and difficulties in responding to the "China problem" and leading to the ideal of country founding with the plan of "new ethical society" are discussed.The fourth chapter focuses on the construction of the new country and makes an in-depth analysis of Liang Shuming’s typical educational practice of "Zouping model"--the education system(rural agricultural school,village school)under the principle of "governing by education".The paper discusses its efforts and difficulties in adjusting national and educational goals through the construction of education system under the influence of "China problem".On this basis,the paper probes into the deep causes of Liang’s difficulties in education: the connotation difference between "China problem" and "social problem" or between the founding of a nation and "the building of a society".The fifth chapter centers around the construction of the new society.Starting from Liang Shuming’s path of "building a society" beyond the founding of a nation,it discusses how to construct an ideal society with the guidance of civilian education that takes into equal account both "life problems" and "social problems” and makes an indepth analysis of his educational reform ideas of "socialization of schools" and"schoolization of society" and "society centered education system".On this basis,the paper discusses the intersection of the two educational routes of shaping "new people"and establishing "new people",as well as Liang’s educational goal of "people in society"integrating "intellectuals" and "people".The sixth chapter focuses on the shaping of "man" as the foundation of the new country and the new society,and discusses how it is possible to realize the education integrating "body" and "mind",so as to guide the simultaneous construction of the creative self and the creative society.In addition,in the source of Confucian " inspiring people and doing the right" and the modern Chinese social enlightenment,"save the nation through education" thought,it analyzes Liang Shuming’s thought veining: start from "realizing the people and doing the right" to inspiring people’s "consciousness" and then lead to "building society".On this basis,through combing the concept of "rational" and "aesthetic education"(namely "artistic life"),the key and difficulties of transforming from "rational" people to "rational" society are discussed.Chapter seven gathers the clues of the previous topics and discusses the educational route combining "body","heart","inner" and "outer",the Confucianism of " holy inside and king outside" drawn by it,and Liang Shuming’s inheritance and transformation of the road of " holy inside and king outside " : To achieve the isomorphism of spiritual cause and social cause through the education integrating body and mind,and then guide the reconstruction and transcendence of the road of "holy inside and king outside";Then it tries to respond to its "origin" question: how can the "inward force" cultural path opens its "outward" side.In addition,through Liang’s selfreflection after the founding of the People’s Republic of China and his re-thinking of "two major problems" in his later years and the multi-dimensional comparison,the thesis makes a summative and extended discussion on the gist and difficulties of his road of social reconstruction with education as the core.The eighth chapter,as the conclusion of the full discusses,summarizes the core points and logical lines of Liang Shuming’s education path of "replacing politics by education and country by society",and further discusses the "learning for oneself" implied in it and the transformation of the group of intellectuals after the separation of the moral and political systems by taking historical background into consideration.Chapter nine is further discussions on issues such as "emotional education","poetry education" tradition,aesthetic education,etc.,as well as the inspiration and reference significance of Liang Shuming’s educational thoughts on art education.Liang Shuming’s educational path is not only a reflection on the fundamental problems of education,but also an exploration of the era question of "Where China is going".His educational thought can be summarized as follows: education based on ethics in daily life and in-depth experience of the world ought to inspire people’s "consciousness",trigger self-reliance,and achieve the integration of the body and mind;Through the education integrating body and mind,it leads to the synchronous coconstruction of self-creation and social creation,human shaping and society shaping.In other words,the isomorphism of spiritual enterprise and social enterprise.This is not only the core gist of Liang’s educational thought,but also the foundation with which to realize the construction of his ideal society--the transition from "body" civilization to "heart" civilization.