| Women’s newspapers and periodicals are an important channel for intellectual women to express themselves openly,challenge the traditional gender discipline and strive for empowerment.In the mid-1920 s,with the emergence and expansion of women’s speech space,intellectual women grew up under the new education.The Kuomintang and the Communist Party organized women’s groups in Fujian,and Fujian women’s newspapers and periodicals came into being.The temporal and spatial evolution of women’s newspapers and periodicals in Fujian reflected that various women’s groups and social organizations expressed the demands of women’s personality empowerment,marriage and childbirth empowerment,career empowerment,education empowerment and consumption empowerment,carried out multi-level women’s mobilization,and constructed the era style of new gender culture and gender concept in local society.From the birth of Fujian women’s newspapers and periodicals to the early 1930 s,the media subject of women’s empowerment expression in Fujian was single,led by Kuomintang women’s groups.As a propaganda and launching organ,it mainly sought the improvement of women’s education and cultivation,the expansion of career opportunities and the development of women’s rights in Fuzhou.Its media practice of empowerment expression was intermittent,and its social influence was very limited.Fuzhou women’s Liberation Association founded "the commemorative Journal of the founding meeting of Fuzhou women’s Liberation Association",which expressed empowerment with the theme of "women’s Liberation and national revolution",and clarified that women’s empowerment was the goal of women’s liberation,improving the social system was the necessary means of women’s liberation,and participating in the national revolution was the necessary condition for women’s liberation.Minhou women’s Association founded "women’s weekly" to launch organized and systematic publicity.Focusing on the education,career and marriage problems that restrict the development of women in Fujian,it paid attention to the organized assistance and guidance to rural out of school women,child brides,urban handmaids,prostitutes and other lower class women,so as to help the political parties expand their power and organizations and go deep into the women’s community,And then increase the strength of the national revolution.Since the end of the Fujian incident in 1934,the Central Committee of the Kuomintang had strengthened its control over local forces in Fujian,built a network system of Party newspapers,carried out the "party women’s movement",carried out the new life movement,organized and launched the domestic goods movement,and made some new progress in the women’s movement in Fuzhou.In this context,the media subjects of women’s empowerment expression in Fujian gradually diversified,and the communication space expanded to Fuzhou and Xiamen.The women’s Issues Research Society launched "women and family",advocated women to form a new outlook on life focusing on self-development and self-cultivation,commented on domestic social movements,expressed their demands for economic empowerment,physical empowerment and social empowerment,recommended foreign women’s life,demonstrated the effectiveness of women’s empowerment,strengthened women’s professional cognition,reshaped women’s aesthetic consciousness,and promoted modern marriage and childbearing ideas,Connect women’s pursuit of physical beauty with women’s ability to change society.Fujian women’s Commission for promoting domestic goods founded "women and domestic goods " to shape the nationalist concept of female consumption,promote the "modern theory of national subjugation",incorporate "promoting domestic goods" into the discipline of "new women of the times",report the practical actions of promoting domestic goods in various parts of Fujian,and internalize women’s self-identity as the main force of promoting domestic goods.It made the family in the private sphere related to the national economy in the public sphere,and promote d the expansion of women from family people to social people.At the same time,with the rise of the Anti Japanese and national salvation movement,in Xiamen,the Xiamen provisional Working Committee of the Communist Party of China,the women’s Working Committee of Xiamen new life movement Promotion Association and the southern Fujian Catholic Association established "forward women","new women" and "women’s mirror" respectively to respond to the creation of a public opinion space of "women out of the family" and carried out a newspaper debate on "whether to unite the family or govern the country first".It discussed issues related to "women’s integration into society" and "women’s social role",strengthened the justice of women entering the social public sphere,expressed women’s demands for professional empowerment,and impacted the traditional discipline of "women’s field is the family".After the outbreak of the all-out war of resistance against Japan,the media center of women’s empowerment expression in Fujian had gradually transferred from Fuzhou and Xiamen to the mountain city Yong’an,spreading to all counties in the province and extending to other provinces in the Kuomintang controlled area.Guiding and reflecting women’s group training was the main task of women’s empowerment media expression at that time.In the early stage of the all-round Anti Japanese War,the Fujian Provincial Women’s anti enemy support team founded "the special issue of the commemoration meeting of Fujian Provincial Women’s 38 day" and "women’s light",which expressed empowerment with the theme of "gathering strength and undertaking mission".It not only clarified that expanding field services and assisting the government in recruiting soldiers were the new mission of women’s Anti Japanese war from the perspective of nationalism,but also strengthened it from the perspective of feminism The significance of "war was a precious opportunity for women to seek liberation".The women’s publicity team of Fujian anti enemy support association established "the special issue of wartime child care publicity week" and "the ten day issue of the Anti Japanese War",which expressed empowerment with the theme of "protecting children and preserving national strength".It not only spoke from the perspective of nationalism that the relief and upbringing of difficult children was of great significance to maintain the lifeline of the country and enhance national strength,but also from the perspective of feminism that if the problem of child care could be well solved,more women could be mobilized to participate in the war of resistance against Japan.The media expression of women’s ne w mission in the national disaster had opened up the way for women.In the middle and late period of the all-round war of resistance against Japan,the Kuomintang Fujian women’s Movement Committee founded "Fujian women",by shaping the media images of wartime female students,wartime rural women,wartime urban women and wartime overseas Chinese women,in order to show the empowerment effects,problems and demands of different women groups,highlight the subjective problems affecting women’s development,and leave some media experience for changing and resisting the existing order.The media evolution of women’s empowerment expression in Fujian is deeply related to the control of the central forces of the Kuomintang over Fujian and the development scale of modern newspaper publishing in Fuzhou,Xiamen and other places,showing a space-time evolution track of “single subject one-way spatial expression”,“multi-subject dual spatial expression ”,“ Spatial linkage multi-dimensional expression ”.In the transitional era,the media expression of women’s empowerment in Fujian has three prominent characteristics: first,the issue of women’s empowerment has become a component of political mobilization.Second,“Doing our duty for public power”has become the main tone of women’s empowerment.Third,Cultivate the representation of women’s writing and localize the picture of women’s empowerment.The limitations of women’s empowerment expression in Fujian in the transitional era were mainly as follows: in content,the Kuomintang ruled the discourse power in the public sphere,and women’s empowerment expression depended on men’s experience discourse.In function,the modernization development of provincial central cities was weak,and there were no purely commercial women’s newspapers and periodicals.In effect,the introverted and pluralistic nature of Fujian culture made the communication influence of women’s newspapers and periodicals relatively limited. |
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