| After a long period of development in history,Zhejiang had formed a prosperous situation of industrial and commercial economy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It has not only created a large amount of material wealth,but also accumulated rich production experience and accumulated the potential of qualitative change of economy and society.Longyou Business Group and Ningbo Business Group either made friends with dignitaries as Confucian businessmen in the capital,or went to Yunchuan to engage in long-distance trafficking,or cut through the waves to open up overseas markets.They established the economic status of Zhejiang businessmen in the traditional society and made positive contributions to the germination of capitalism in China.Since modern times,due to the sudden change of the external environment of development,the internal core kinetic energy of economic growth and the change of economic operation mechanism have reshaped the social and economic structure and commercial and cultural atmosphere of Zhejiang.Zhejiang businessmen experienced a hundred years of butterfly changes,completed the internal metabolism of Zhejiang businessmen,and promoted Zhejiang to the forefront of the times again in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.The achievements of modern Zhejiang businessmen in many fields are remarkable,and their rise and influence in modern regional society,as well as their experience of success and failure in modern business wars,attract people’s attention.From the perspective of economic modernization of "industrialization and marketization",this paper explores the relationship between "Zhejiang businessmen and Zhejiang economic modernization",which can deepen the understanding of Zhejiang businessmen.The study of body provides reference for grasping the transformation and development history of modern Zhejiang businessmen,the transformation of regional economic growth momentum,and the motive force and historical direction of modern Chinese social development in theory and practice.On the evolution of Zhejiang merchants in modern times.At the time of the decline of the traditional Longyou business group,a large number of Ningshaohu people left their native land.In Shanghai or other treaty port cities,they made friends with foreign businessmen,served foreign firms in various countries,or set up their own firms to develop domestic and foreign trade,and spared no effort to carry out primitive capital accumulation.So that the rapid rise of business forces.Influenced by the atmosphere of "business war" and inspired by the dream of "saving the nation by industry",a large number of businessmen,bureaucrats,gentry and landlords.Based on the existing resources and economic conditions in Zhejiang,he devoted himself to the development of new industries and market activities,and found a new way of economic modernization in Zhejiang.Through their leadership and participation in the modernization of economy,they gave consideration to both righteousness and interests in industry and commerce,and interlinked commercial capital,industrial capital and financial capital.It glowed with unprecedented vitality and eventually became a bridge between the East and the West.They realized the transformation from traditional businessmen to modern businessmen not only in the ethical spirit level,but also in the practical ability level,and created many economic miracles in Shanghai,Hankou,Hangzhou and other important cities.On the actions of modern Zhejiang businessmen in the modernization of Zhejiang economy.From the perspective of industrialization,modern Zhejiang businessmen raised capital to set up factories near Tongdu Dayi and traffic trunk lines.He went deep into the mountains to explore mineral resources,established shipping companies,built railways and highways,and developed modern transportation.It has opened up a broad space for Zhejiang’s economic development.The preliminary construction of modern industrial system in Zhejiang Province has brought about profound changes in the economic layout and mode of economic growth in Zhejiang Province,and the population of industry and commerce has greatly increased.The emergence of a large number of new industrial and mining transportation enterprises and the accumulation of management experience.It changed the path dependence of traditional businessmen in pursuit of wealth,fostered the entrepreneurship of modern Zhejiang businessmen,and created new conditions for the take-off of Zhejiang economy.From the perspective of marketization,modern Zhejiang merchants have a strong sense of market.They spare no effort to promote industrial products,purchase agricultural by-products and industrial raw materials,and promote the continuous expansion of the commodity market and the reconstruction of the commodity circulation network.They invested in the establishment of new banking and insurance companies,enriched Zhejiang’s financial products,and provided support for the development of industry and commerce.Development of markets for labor,technology,machinery and equipment,real estate and other factors of production.Eventually,the modern market system of Zhejiang was formed,and the market mechanism played an increasingly important role in the allocation of resources.It has promoted the process of Zhejiang’s economic marketization.On the other hand,the modernization of Zhejiang’s economy promoted by Zhejiang businessmen also has obvious shortcomings,such as the imperfect industrial system.The industrial layout is not reasonable,the degree of mechanization and electrification is not high,the ability of original technological innovation is weak,and the dependence of industrial development path is strong.The market system is also imperfect,such as the unreasonable structure of the commodity market,the shortage of high-quality labor force,the lack of self-sufficiency in the energy market,and the instability of the financial market.The process of urbanization is relatively slow,such as the little change of urban buildings,the lagging development of urban public utilities,and the slow adjustment of the proportion of urban and rural population,which all expose the limitations of Zhejiang’s economic modernization.On the challenges faced by modern Zhejiang businessmen and the modernization of Zhejiang economy.The subjective reason for the failure of Zhejiang businessmen undertaking the task of Zhejiang economic modernization lies in the limited transformation of their own ethical values.Including the lack of the spirit of democracy and nationalism,and the contradiction between corporatism and feudalism.The conflict between morality and utilitarianism in economic ethics had a negative impact on Zhejiang’s economic modernization.More importantly,in the process of continuous bourgeois transformation of modern Zhejiang businessmen,the economic field was dominated by the logical movement of capital.It reveals the greedy nature of capitalists in pursuit of surplus value,and their economic dominance over the working class can not represent the hope of social justice and national rejuvenation.In the political field,they were dominated by the movement of modern political logic,participated in national politics in a limited way to safeguard their own interests,and expressed the desire of the bourgeoisie to pursue economic freedom and political democracy.However,they often split up in the face of fierce class conflicts,revealing the structural fragility of the main force of modernization.The failure to "extract" from the melting pot of the new democratic revolution objectively declared the failure of the task of economic modernization in Zhejiang.The capitalist economic modernization road opened up by Zhejiang businessmen in modern times has been facing various challenges,such as the obstacles of industrialization and marketization,and the lag of urbanization construction.Its achievements are not comparable to those of advanced countries.Specifically,first,the momentum of industrialization is insufficient.The degree of mechanization and electrification is not high;the production scale of the factory is small.Mineral resources have not been fully utilized,and an industrial production system with a complete range of products,advanced equipment and scientific management has not been established;Second,there are many obstacles to marketization.The competition of product sales is fierce and the accumulation of industrial capital is slow;Important agricultural products are highly dependent on the international market;important means of production are not self-sufficient,and the development of the market for production factors is slow;The total consumption capacity of the society is insufficient.Third,the promotion of urbanization is relatively small.Zhejiang businessmen focused their investment on Shanghai,Hankou and other big cities,becoming the backbone of the development of foreign industry and commerce,and weakening their investment in Zhejiang’s urban construction.On the development of Zhejiang businessmen and the experience of Zhejiang’s economic modernization and the direction of further breakthroughs.We should get rid of a series of difficulties faced by Zhejiang businessmen and Zhejiang’s economic modernization.First of all,Zhejiang businessmen should actively participate in the construction of state power and promote the formation of a "promising government" in order to play the leading role of state power in industrialization.Including participating in the establishment of a strong central government,grasping tariff autonomy,resisting dumping of foreign goods,reducing external pressure for the growth of national enterprises,and trying to safeguard national rights and interests.Assist the government to formulate industrial revitalization plans according to the actual situation,including investing in heavy industry by the state,enhancing the national financial strength,developing basic education,and vigorously training various practical talents;We will carry out a major expansion of transportation,focusing on the construction of land transportation trunk lines,improving the traffic conditions of branch lines one after another,and forming a water-land intermodal transport network for goods.Secondly,we should carry forward the spirit of the market,give full play to the role of the market in the allocation of resources,and enhance the "market efficiency," including improving the system of economic laws and regulations and opening up market access.Form a fair competition mechanism,eliminate institutional barriers,strengthen market order supervision,and create a good business environment for themselves.Thirdly,we should cultivate the main body of the market from the perspective of human resources and form a "nuclear force for development".The spirit of craftsmen and entrepreneurship should be regarded as the cornerstone of shaping the spirit of "modernity" of Zhejiang businessmen.It includes cultivating the craftsman spirit of Zhejiang businessmen based on market mechanism,cultivating entrepreneurship in the face of economic globalization,and providing spiritual impetus and leading talents for Zhejiang’s economic modernization.If the strong business gene inheritance and the entrepreneurial spirit of Nirvana are the key to the rise of Zhejiang businessmen several times,then today’s socialist modernization is in full swing.It can be expected that Zhejiang businessmen in the new era will continue to transform and develop,realize a new leap from "entrepreneurs" to "entrepreneurs",and promote Zhejiang to take the lead in realizing the goal of "common prosperity" in society today. |
