| Compared with Mandarin,the study of dialect degree category is still insufficient,while the study of Zhoukou dialect is rare and scattered.This paper attempts to study the degree category of Zhoukou dialect,hoping to make up for the study of Zhoukou dialect,enrich the grammar study of Zhongyuan Mandarin,and provide some materials for dialect typology.Based on semantics and grammar,this paper outlines the degree category and its manifestation of Zhoukou dialect comprehensively and detailedly from the inside to the outside.After investigation and analysis,we believe that the degree category of Zhoukou dialect belongs to the semantic and grammatical category,and its manifestations include state affix,adjective overlap,degree adverb and degree construction.The order of its use is generally:degree adverb>degree construction>overlap>state affix,of which the first two semantic cores are degree,most of which are expressed in a large number with high frequency,both of which are preferred.Adjective reduplication is in the middle of the order of choice and frequency because of its degree and description of meaning.State affixes are highly descriptive.Although they can express degree,they tend to express low order,so they are not optimal.At the same time,the expression forms of the degree category in Zhoukou dialect show a significant imbalance,with various forms indicating high-order,while the expression forms of the low level category are relatively simple,which are generally expressed by monosyllabic state suffixes,AA type overlaps,a few degree adverbs and the only "X+不到哪儿" structure.Therefore,in order to improve the degree level,there are many overlapping and applying phenomena in the low and middle level expressions of the degree category of Zhoukou dialect.Through cross dialect comparison and analysis,it is found that the four forms of expression of the degree category of Zhoukou dialect are generally the same as and different from Mandarin and Mandarin,but there are characteristics of both north and south in terms of state affix and adjective overlap,which has certain characteristics of interlanguage.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,the full text consists of five chapters.The main contents of each chapter are as follows:Chapter one:It points out the connotation and extension of the degree category,and at the same time believes that the degree category needs to be displayed by means of grammatical forms.The expression forms of degree category in Zhoukou dialect are mainly state affix,adjective overlap,degree adverb and degree construction.Among them,the former belongs to the lexical level,which is biased towards small quantities;The last three items belong to the grammatical level,and most tend to express a lot.Chapter two:After defining it,three types of state affixes in Zhoukou dialect are analyzed with examples.Then,it focuses on the semantic classification from the perspective of degree,and makes a summary.Finally,by comparing with the Qilu Deng,we find that state affix and its degree semantics are very stable.It can be seen from the cross dialect comparison that the state affix of Zhoukou dialect has the characteristics of both north and south.In addition to the " 圪" derived from the Jin language,it is most similar to the Central Plains Mandarin in northern Anhui and most different from the Wubao dialect in Shanxi.Chapter three:This chapter first points out the reduplication forms of adjectives in Zhoukou dialect as a whole,including 11 types of ordinary reduplication,interval reduplication and applied reduplication.And then it is divided from the degree of magnitude.Among them,AA type overlapping uses infantilization and sound change,representing the category of low level;Other overlapping expressions refer to big,but they are different in magnitude,and most of them express high-order categories;Overlapping is a super-high level category.Finally,the cross dialect comparison shows that Zhoukou dialect has a rare AAB type overlap in the north;AA type reduplication has both the means of reduplication of adjectives in the north and south,which refers to small things;ABB style is a prominent adjective overlapping form in Henan dialect;A里 AB belongs to atypical form.Chapter four:In this chapter,24 degree adverbs of Zhoukou dialect are found by combining distribution with meaning.Then it focuses on the classification of degree adverbs,and conducts a comparative study of some degree adverbs of the same level.Then it points out that in order to improve the degree,the low-level adverbs in Zhoukou dialect are often used together.Finally,the author compares some degree adverbs across dialects mainly in the Mandarin area,and finds that"很" is basically a complement degree adverb in Henan dialect;"血" is widely distributed in Mandarin,but its semantic and grammatical differences are obvious;Compared with other dialects,"怪" in Zhoukou dialect can be divided into "怪 1" which represents a high level and"怪2" which represents a low level by using sound change and removing marks;"太" is a derogatory adverb of degree.Chapter five:This chapter combines case analysis and comparative analysis to make a detailed analysis and research on the commonly used subjective small quantity evaluation structure"X+不到哪儿",subjective large quantity evaluation construction"X+着哩" and subjective extreme quantity construction "X+哩+给/跟啥样",and continues to carry out the comparison between Dialect and Mandarin.At the same time,the author makes a detailed comparison of the three super high level constructions in Zhoukou dialect,"X+哩+不得了 ","X+哩+不能行","X+哩+给/跟啥样",from the aspects of form,semantics,production mechanism,syntax,development and evolution,and points out that in the era of "popularization" and network,they still have strong conservatism. |
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