| Bu Nong Shu is a local agricultural book written by Zhang Lvxiang,an adherent of Ming Dynasty,which records the agricultural production situation in Jiahu area of Jiangnan area.The emergence of any text is inseparable from the specific context,In this context of Ming and Qing Dynasties,this paper makes a detailed explanation of Bu Nong Shu,shows the environment of knowledge generation,and then presents the concept expression and deep social orientation of the text.By analyzing the life world of Zhang Lvxiang,the author of Bu Nong Shu,we can see how"culture"and"historicity" affect the formation of agricultural technical knowledge texts.The article mainly includes three parts:introduction,text and conclusion.The introduction explains the origin,innovation and significance of this research,and reviews and discusses the academic history.The second chapter introduces Zhang Lvxiang and Bu Nong Shu,the third chapter the feelings of scholars,the mentality of adherents and the writing of Bu Nong Shu,and the fourth chapter the text presentation and concept expression of Bu Nong Shu.The fifth chapter analyzes the value and present inheritance of Bu Nong Shu,and the last chapter discusses the real intention of ancient agricultural book writing,trying to make a more comprehensive understanding of the creation of ancient agricultural books as a whole.There are many reasons for the writing of Bu Nong Shu.Born in an ordinary landlord family,agriculture is the main source of Zhang Lvxiang family’s livelihood,and he has always paid attention to agricultural production.Zhang Lvxiang,deeply influenced by the traditional Confucianism,has the feelings of worrying about the country and the people.Under the influence of the ideological trend of "being practical" and emphasizing agriculture,agriculture has become an ideal way for Zhang Lvxiang to express social concern.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Zhang Lvxiang reflected on the social problems in the late Ming Dynasty by agricultural production.Bu Nong Shu contains rich academic value and various expressions of significance.Through the study of specific agricultural production,Zhang Lvxiang expressed his views on social issues,thus showing the scholars’ conscious awareness of social order.Bu Nong Shu specifically described the most advanced rice planting and silkworm breeding techniques in Jiangnan area at that time,and contrasted and criticized the grandiose social atmosphere in the late Ming Dynasty with real agricultural production;In farming activities,Zhang Lvxiang emphasized the"diligence" and "early" of agricultural production in order to educate people in turbulent times.The monthly order in Bu Nong Shu is an orderly arrangement of agricultural production in a year,which is a metaphorical expression of social time order.Bu Nong Shu takes agriculture as the carrier,and runs through the idea of governing the country and managing the people in the specific description of farming experience.When Bu Nong Shu was written,it was first circulated in the form of transcripts.After Zhang Lvxiang’s death,his disciples and fellow villagers sorted out his works,which were published and widely spread.Some sericulture agricultural books in the Qing Dynasty used for reference the agronomy knowledge in Bu Nong Shu and the county annals in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and surrounding areas all quoted the production methods of sericulture in Bu Nong Shu,which reflected the official and folk recognition and acceptance of Bu Nong Shu.At present,the local government widely publicizes Bu Nong Shu,which has become a symbol of local cultural symbols.Farming culture is an important part of Chinese traditional culture.As the experience summary of farming practice,Bu Nong Shu still has great value in modern agricultural society.Bu Nong Shu depicts the advanced agricultural production system in Jiangnan area.Based on the important position and symbolic significance of "Jiangnan" in Chinese traditional society after Song and Yuan Dynasties,"Jiangnan" has been highly valued by rulers and scholars of all dynasties.Through Bu Nong Shu,we can clearly see the great social changes in Jiangnan area in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty,and the great significance of "Jiangnan" in maintaining national stability in the social changes.Books are not only technical texts,but also pay more attention to the political function of agriculture while recording agricultural technical knowledge.In the study of Bu Nong Shu,supplemented by the compilation and creation of other agricultural books in Ming and Qing Dynasties,such as Nong Zheng Quan Shu and Shou Shi Tong Kao,this paper discusses the real intention of the app earance of ancient agricultural books.The creation of ancient agricultural books has the consideration of social and political factors.Behind the practical technical description of agricultural books,we should know the material and symbolic functions of the technical system,the social governance function undertaken by agricultural technology and its role in maintaining the traditional social order. |
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