Research On The Origin Of The Tufa Clan Of The Xianbei People In The Middle Age

The Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties was an important stage for the communication and integration of ancient Chinese ethnic groups.Based on the handed down documents such as Jin Shu,Wei Shu and Beishi,as well as archaeological cultural relics such as epitaphs and inscriptions unearthed,the article discusses the Xianbei Tufa Family who were active in Hexi during this period,meanwhile a comprehensive study was done on the Yuan Family formed by its descendants from the Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.It is hoped that by sorting out the relevant figures and deeds of the Tufa family,we will explore how the Tufa family maintains its own independence and continuity in the context of ethnic integration.On this basis,this paper further discusses how the family members of Tufa changed their surnames to Yuan Family in the Northern Wei Dynasty,and how their family members actively adapted to the new situation,and finally who formed a Sinicized Yuan Family in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.The article is mainly divided into the following four chapters:The first chapter is about the origin and early migration and activities of Xianbei Tufa.Based on historical records and epitaph materials such as Qinwen Jichen’s epitaph and Yuan Yanbo’s epitaph,the article analyzes the origin and meaning of the word Tufa,and it can be seen that Tufa and Tuoba are homologous.Therefore,the investigation before the shunting of the Tufa family and the Tuoba family is mainly based on the related archaeological cultural relics of the Tuoba family.After Tuoba Jiefen led his congregation to move south to the homeland of the Huns,he made Tuoba Liwei the leader.The reason why his eldest son,Tufa Pigu,who could not succeed to the throne may be related to Pigu’s succession and his failure to compete for the position of leader.With the diversion of the Tufa and Tuoba,the Tufa department migrated westward from the Yinshan Mountains in Saibei to the nomadic areas north of Hexi and Longxi in Gansu under the leadership of Pigu,then they moved to Hexi and Longxi.By the time of Tufa Shujineng function,the Tufa department has developed to a certain scale.However,as the Tufa Shujineng failed to fight against Jin and was killed,the ministry entered a phase of dispersal.The second chapter is about the rise and fall of the Nan Liang regime established by the Xianbei Tufa Family during the Sixteen Kingdoms period.The article takes the succession of the three leaders of the Tufa Family as the main clue,and systematically sorts out the reintegration and development history of the Tufa department based on historical materials such as Taipingyulan,Jin Shu and Zizhitongjian.After the Tufa Wugu succeeded to the throne,the strength of the ministry gradually recovered.In the face of Lv Guang’s three awards,Wugu showed different attitudes,and this was closely related to Wugu’s“seeking Liangzhou”.Alone with Wugu’s establishment of Nan Liang,the Tufa department bid farewell to the relatively loose tribal alliance in the earlier period,and began to appear in history in the form of a ethnic regime.During the period of Tufa Lilugu,Nan Liang was further consolidated.After the Tufa Nutan succeeded to the throne,Nan Liang’s comprehensive strength reached its peak.However,with the frequent military wars during Tufa Nutan’s reign,Nan Liang finally fell to Xi Qin.Since then,except for the members of the Tufa Family who returned to Xi Qin and Bei Liang respectively,most of the rest stayed in Xiping,Ledu and other places,which were ruled by the Tuoba Family during the Northern Wei Dynasty.During this period,the degree of Sinicization of the Tufa Family gradually deepened,and it was manifested in politics,economy,culture,which laid the foundation for the formation and development of the Yuan Family.The third chapter is the formation,development and sinicization of the Yuan Family in the Northern Dynasty.The article first sorts out the fact that the Tufa Bao zhou and his brothers led the crowd to the Northern Wei Dynasty,while discusses the Tufa Poqiang’s change of surname Yuan.Among them,the Tufa Fan recorded in Song Shu provide us with a special case of the Northern Wei Dynasty’s surname changed to Yuan.According to the investigation,it can be seen that the surname of the Tufa family was changed to the Yuan family,which should be aimed at individuals with Tufa Poqiang.With the demise of other members of the Tufa Family,the Tufa Family officially transformed into the Yuan Family.Through a comprehensive investigation of the family members’ related deeds in the Northern Wei,Eastern Wei,Western Wei,Northern Qi and Northern Zhou,it can be found that the family developed rapidly during the Northern Dynasties,and the degree of sinicization continued to deepen.The places of burial and other aspects are all shown,and finally the image of a family of ethnic minorities in the Northern Dynasties with a clear history,basically completely sinicized,serving the king for generations and the Northern Dynasties minority family with family culture origin is created.The fourth chapter is the stage of prosperity and decline of the Yuan Family in Sui and Tang Dynasties.The article combines the handed down documents and archaeological cultural relics to make a systematic study of the Yuan Family at this stage.Under the leadership of Yuanxiong and Yuan Wenzong,the Yuan Family was continued to developing in the Sui Dynasty.When Yuan Qianyao was the prime minister of Tang Xuanzong period,the family developed to its peak.During this period,the Yuan Family showed a more unique aspect in terms of political participation,choice of prefecture,marriage and inheritance of family culture.The image of the military family during the period was also different from the image of military and political in the Eastern Wei,Western Wei and Northern Qi,Northern Zhou dynasties,which transformed into a political family dominated by civil officials;In terms of family size,the number of family members increased in the Tang Dynasty.In terms of family status,its family members have been actively involved in politics,intermarriage with the Royal family and other aristocratic families,and learned culture from family members,which enhanced and consolidated its position.However,as Yuan Xiu was killed in the Jingyuan mutiny,and the demise of the Tang Dynasty,the Yuan family eventually went into decline.