A Study On Structuring Momentum And Aesthetics Of Two WANGs’ (Wang Xizhi&Wang Xianzhi) Calligraphy

The development of calligraphy in Wei and Jin dynasties is one of the peaks in the development history of Chinese Calligraphy,which is especially represented by the calligraphies of Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi(hereafter short for "Two WANGs").The highly-matured calligraphies of all schools in the Wei and Jin dynasties formed the highly-matured research and studies on all dimensional systems of calligraphy such as writing styles,character structuring,compositions and styles.In the Wei and Jin dynasties,the character structuring system changed significantly,which,to some extent,influenced the styles and features of calligraphy in that time.The character structuring momentum,one of the core propositions in many basic principles of calligraphy structuring,was seldom discussed in the past and no further study had been carried out.However,it is becoming increasingly important in the development of calligraphy.The character structuring momentum in the Wei and Jin Dynasties,represented by the calligraphies of Two WANGs’,embraces aesthetic universality and strong special personalities as it is highly mature from the thought,aesthetic cognition and writing practice when dealing with the structuring momentum/tendency.The facial expression of character structuring during this time is slant dynamics while the core expressions are the life expressions presented by the rhythm produced by structuring center.Being embraced both characteristics of"physics device and the way of metaphysics",it did create great calligraphy art in the Wei and Jin dynasties but was independent of other times and dimly display the aesthetic meaning and the way of speculative philosophy in the Wei and Jin dynasties.Therefore,it is worth studying on the character structuring momentum of calligraphy in the Wei and Jin dynasties no matter from the point of practical guiding or from the aesthetic point of view.This paper studies and explores the character structuring momentum and aesthetics of calligraphy of Two WANGs’ and at the background of delicate style,metaphysics and aesthetics since the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty,based on the calligraphic theories and calligraphic works developed since the Eastern Han Dynasty and through various methods such as golden ratio law and contrastive analysis etc.Firstly,it describes and discusses related traditional concepts of calligraphic structuring momentum,the presented rules of structuring momentum and the key aspects that could affect the calligraphic structuring momentum----the structural barycenter and the influences to the writing styles,compositions and features caused by structuring momentum.Secondly,it interprets the interactional issues between the character structuring momentum and the aesthetics ideas,cultural theories,calligraphic theories,painting theories developed since the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty.In the Wei and Jin dynasties,the thought of scholar-official class,who were influenced by mixed thoughts of Confucianism,Metaphysics,Buddhism and Taoism etc.,had gone beyond the fixed forms,representing by self-awareness,freedom,independence and selfrealizing etc.Influenced by this new thought,there are corresponding new displaying methods on the character structuring of calligraphy.Especially the structuring momentum displayed in the running and cursive scripts of Two WANGs’ has nearly supported the expressions of physics-----the humanistic self-awareness and selfrealizing),which completely fitted the expression of "metaphysics"---the demeanors and aesthetics in Wei and Jin dynasties has profound influences on the aesthetics of later generations.Thirdly,it systematically sorts out the displaying rules and aesthetics of character structuring momentum since the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty.At first,it explores and sorts out the rules and aesthetics of structuring momentum for all calligraphies of seal script,regular script,official script,running script and cursive scripts since the Eastern Han Dynasty.At second,it discusses and analyzes the rules and aesthetics presented from calligraphy structuring momentum at different districts.At third,it pays special attention to discuss and analyze the changing rules and aesthetics momentum of character structuring on Zhong You’s regular script.Fourthly,it sorts out and sums up the rules and aesthetics paradigm of character structuring momentum on the running and cursive scripts represented by Two WANGs’.The above are mainly concentrated on the deep-going exploration and analyzing of character structuring momentum one by one script and one by one character by selecting the represented calligraphic works of calligraphists at different periods.Lastly,it sorts out the influences of character structuring momentum of Two WANGs’ on the character structuring momentum and its aesthetics of calligraphies in the successive dynasties such as South dynasty,Tang and Song dynasties as well as Yuan,Ming,Qing dynasties etc.it mainly explores the representative calligraphic works of famous calligraphists at different dynasties,and analyzes and sums up their inheritance,refinement,development,recognition and reduction of calligraphic character structuring momentum and its aesthetics.