The Study On Newspaper Industry In Shenyang,1946-1948

1946-1948 was the years of the vital transition phase in modern Chinese history,the Kuomintang and the Communist Party moved from ideological conflict to military conflict.At the beginning of Japan’s defeat,the Soviet army took over the northeast,and the Urban regime of Shenyang was in a state of dispute between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party under the Soviet occupation.On the one hand,the Communist regime confronted the Kuomintang army,on the other hand,it quickly established a propaganda position and opened up a second front.Taking the paper media as the main mouthpiece,it launched a massive patriotic and democratic propaganda campaign,which soon put Chiang Kai Shek’s regime in a disadvantageous position.The Kuomintang stepped up the pace of competing for the northeast.After the military took over Shenyang,in order to reshape its "orthodox" position in the hearts of the Shenyang people,the Kuomintang regime decided to rebuild the Shenyang newspaper industry and establish a newspaper system with the party newspaper as the core,the military newspaper as the wing and the people’s newspaper as the backbone.The reason why the Kuomintang chose Shenyang is mainly due to three points: First,the power comparison between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was very different in Shenyang,the Kuomintang took charge of the power and occupied a dominant position in all aspects of this city within three years,which could provide political soil for the implementation of the Kuomintang’s newspaper industry control policy.Second,Shenyang newspaper industry is almost in a vacuum state,easy to form a vortex of public opinion.When Japan was defeated,Shenyang had no newspaper,the Northeast Daily,founded by the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in Shenyang,was also forced to withdraw from Shenyang and move north.Third,Shenyang has a profound urban context and a high audience rate of newspaper.With the change of the northeast battlefield,the situation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party has reversed,face with the unstable situation,the Kuomintang laid the strictest policy of newspaper industry control in Shenyang,but some Shenyang newspaper broke through the newspaper industry control,especially in the "massacre of July 5th movement",Shenyang newspaper has clearly showed dissatisfaction with Kuomintang policy of newspaper industry control,finally realized the real freedom of the newspaper industry,make the Kuomintang weak and lax,which have not rallied public support.The civil war of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party had reached such a pitch,the military of the Kuomintang on the front went swiftly ahead.The Shenyang newspaper industry construction was also on the decline.Throughout this period,the Kuomintang rebuilt of Shenyang newspaper industry,controlled by the external environment of specific historical period,and was in deep trouble in internal corruption,the Kuomintang tried to set up the orthodox position of the ruling party in Shenyang people,but trapped in newspaper industry propaganda,eventually,the Kuomintang had found it’s caught in a trap of its own making,military defeat,economic decline.In the year of 1948,at the outbreak of the Liaoxi-Shenyang Campaign,all industries in Shenyang failed,and the newspaper industry also declined.The Kuomintang’s newspaper industry reconstruction in Shenyang finally became a failure of digging its own grave.In view of the political party tint of the Kuomintang newspapers,the academic circles are used to avoid or low-key treatment in the past,the related research is less,and the research team is weak.With the expansion of historical research field and the renewal of research perspective,the academic research achievements of Kuomintang newspapers are increasingly rich.Based on the basis of previous studies,by combing and analyzing 64 Shenyang newspaper documents from 1946-1948,returning to the original history,consisted of the historical orientation,development trend,social influence,political tendency and economic utility,providing valuable clues and useful reference,and new materials and diversified perspectives for the research of urban culture history,political history,military history and economic history.This paper is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is the historical background of the Kuomintang’s reconstruction of Shenyang newspaper.Make the preliminary investigation of the historical background of the Kuomintang’s reconstruction of Shenyang newspaper from the aspects of urban population quality,newspaper industry demobilization policy,the receipt of Japanese puppet regime assets and the return of exiles.The following is divided into four sections: the first section "the total population and comprehensive cultural literacy of Shenyang",the second section "the negotiation between the Kuomintang and the soviet army on the northeast receipt problem",the third section "the implementation of the Kuomintang newspaper industry demobilization policy in Shenyang",the fourth section "the return and reunion of northeast intelligentsia in exile".The second chapter is the reconstruction and positioning adjustment of Shenyang newspaper industry by Kuomintang,focusing on the first major newspaper China Soviet daily published by the Kuomintang military after receiving Shenyang,as well as the military newspaper represented by peace daily,the party newspaper represented by central daily and the people’s newspaper represented by justice daily and northeast Qianfeng.Combined with the previous investigation and research,this paper summarizes and combs the fragmented information of more than 60 newspapers here.The following is divided into five sections: the first section "the evolution of sino-soviet relations and the foundation of sino-soviet daily",the second section "the Kuomintang army newspaper and the propaganda of anti-Japanese War achievements",the third section "the foundation and reorganization of Kuomintang central daily",the fourth section "the foundation and characteristic analysis of private newspaper",the fifth section "the foundation and demise of other Shenyang newspapers".The third chapter is the military situation report and social effect of Shenyang newspaper on the Northeast battlefield.Starting from the orientation of the military report on the Northeast battlefield,it investigates the characteristics and news position of Shenyang newspaper’s military report,and analyzes the social effect produced by the Kuomintang’s propaganda strategy.It is divided into three sections: the first section is "the transformation of the Northeast war situation and the rapid response of Shenyang newspaper",the second section is "the report and characteristic analysis of Shenyang newspaper on the war process",and the third section is "the publicity strategy and social effect of Shenyang newspaper’s military report".The fourth chapter is the struggle of Shenyang newspaper against the Kuomintang control of newspaper industry,investigates the Kuomintang’s newspaper industry control policy and the struggle of Shenyang newspaper for newspaper industry freedom,and discusses the basic realization of the newspaper industry freedom by the "massacre of July5 th movement".The following is divided into three sections: the first section "the implementation of the Kuomintang newspaper industry unification policy of Shenyang newspaper industry",the second section "Shenyang Newspaper’s bold attempt of newspaper industry freedom",the third section "the transformation of Shenyang newspapers from the‘massacre of July 5th movement’".The fifth chapter is the paper shortage crisis of Shenyang newspaper and the complete defeat of the reconstruction of the Kuomintang newspaper industry.From the perspective of the paper shortage crisis,investigate the Shenyang newspaper industry organization and the situation that the national government tried to save but were unable to recover the economic collapse.The following is divided into three sections: the first section "the collapse of war economy and the paper shortage crisis of Shenyang newspaper",the second section "the emergency response of Shenyang newspaper industry organization to the paper waste crisis",the third section "the national government’s measures to save the paper shortage and the final failure".Through the study and investigation of this paper,reviews the process and basic characteristics of the Kuomintang’s reconstruction of Shenyang’s newspaper industry from1946 to 1948.From the early stage of the Kuomintang army’s occupation of Shenyang,Shenyang’s newspaper industry developed rapidly;When the Kuomintang launched a full-scale civil war,the newspaper industry in Shenyang was still lively on the surface,but in fact it had gradually lost the support of the people;Then,with the change of the situation in Northeast China,Shenyang newspaper industry can not escape the fate of rapid growth and rapid destruction,which reflects that the Kuomintang’s publicity strategy of rebuilding Shenyang newspaper industry is affected by multiple factors,which not only failed to achieve the ideal publicity effect,but accelerated the collapse of the Kuomintang regime.