The Chinese Humanities In The United States(1931-1949)

The Chinese humanities in America is one of the most important phenomenon of Sino-American academic communication.On the one hand,it reflects the interaction between China and America or the world,and the transmutation of Chinese humanities under globalization context,from analysing knowledge production of different academic generations or important scholars.On the other hand,it also reflects the complicacy and the pluralism of modern humanities knowledge production from Sino-American academic system and political situation.The key of forming the Chinese humanities in America is Sino-American factor.On the Chinese side,the government pushed studying abroad at public or personal expense,academic sabbaticals and so on.In the early stage of anti-Japanese war,the government encouraged more scholars focusing on military science in America.In the later period of it,the government started to encourage scholars researching humanities in the States.This subsidize not only make the enrollment of elite school to Chinese scholar in America but also cause the limitations of their scale and major.Moreover,studying abroad in public expense from Qinghua University is also one of important factors.it set up drama,economic history,world history and so on.On the American side,the personal foundation,such as the Rockefeller Foundation,the Ford Foundation,became in America after World War I.In World War II,these foundations used the State Department,academic community and universities as intermediary and helped the Chinese scholar under the anti-Japanese war,especially the scholar who had trained by modern academic methods and possess social connection.it also reflects the culture export from America.Also it provides the opportunity for Chinese scholars to teaching and researching in America.Their research didn’t follow American design.In 1930s,most Chinese scholars in America were in academic communities.The Harvard-yenching Institute(HYI)and the Institute of Pacific Relations(IPR)are important organizations.Because the left-wing of the IPR,Chinese scholars in it such as Chen Hansheng,Xu Yongying,Ji Chaoding,are all communist scholars with public identification or concealing.Their research in the IPR,is similar to the Marxism academic in 20 th century.because of their study,making the Chinese rural problems became important in American academic.The HYI reflected more Europe academic.The transnational personnel training mode which students got their undergraduate degree and master degree in China,their doctorate in the States.these designs had a little west-centered theory,but the study of Chinese scholars,such as Zhou Yiliang,Chen Guansheng,are more pluralism.In 1940s,the study of Chinese language,history,culture in American universities had became more and more popular.Many Chinese scholars came into the picture.Their studies influenced by their own universities.We can have the clear understanding of transnational academic communications and the process of Chinese humanities to the world from the study of The Chinese humanities in America in 1930s to 1940s.