The Study About Gu Zhenguan

With the continuous development of literary research in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,many important writers and works in this period have achieved rich research results,but there are still some deficiencies or even black spaces in the research.At present,there are many deficiencies in Gu Zhenguan’s research.Further research on Gu Zhenguan can not only enhance the understanding of the literati’s social activities in the early Qing Dynasty,but also show the similarities and differences between the existing literary studies in the early Qing Dynasty,which is conducive to the multi-faceted understanding of the early Qing literature.There are six chapters in the paper.The chapter one is the study about family,lifetime and relations by marriage of Gu Zhenguan.He is born in Gu’s family in Wuxi.The family traditions of valuing virtue,advocating Neo-Confucianism and studying literature from his grandparents Gu Xve and Gu Xiancheng affect him.On the one hand,the family affects his academic thinking and literary creation.On the other hand,it affects the behaviour to rescue Wu Zhaoqian and the attitude towards the Qing Dynasty.His lifetime can be divided into three stages:as a Ming Dynasty adherent he doesn’t to be an official in the Qing Dynasty,then he is being an Official in the Qing Dynasty,and finally,he lives in seclusion at home.In the relations by marriage,with the rise and fall of Gu’s family status,the identities of the married persons change from the members in ordinary families to the cultural families.Not only the literatures and arts in the relations affect Gu,but also the members in the relations are the important part of his friends.The chapter two is the study about making friends of Gu Zhenguan.In the friendship of Gu Zhenguan and Wu Zhaoqian,in order to rescue Wu,Gu adopts two different paths seeking helps from Mingzhu in Beijing and Wu Xingzuo in Fujian.They also talk about literature by letters.In the friendship of Gu Zhenguan and Nalan Xingde,Ci is the center of communication.They propose "Eliminating ostentatious and expressing sprites",the same concept of Ci.They also participate in literati gatherings like Huajian Caotang,write and reply in poems like Lianting Painting together.Gu’s other friendships like Wu Weiye,Gong Dingzi,Chen Weisong,Anxuan,Duzhao,Zou Shengheng,and so on,are sorted and analyzed according to seniors,contemporaries and juniors.From the situations of Gu’s friendships,we know that because of the same dispositions and the same concept of Ci,Wu and Nalan become good friends with Gu.In the communications,he chooses different ways like gatherings,travelling,writing and replying in poems,and so on.Except the same mentalities like others,he also make friends with dignitaries with utilitarian purpose in order to rescue Wu.Sometimes,there’s no real emotion in his phatic communications.The chapter three is the study of Gu’s books.His Tanzhi Ci can be divided into two systems according to the three volumes and two volumes.On this basis,the situations of each edition which exist or loss are sorted out.We also know that they are wrong that those Tanzhi Ci are regarded as published in Yongzheng’s Second Year in the public libraries.His Poems have different editions.According to analysis,his Zhengwei Tang Poetry is copied in the reign of Qianlong on the basis of a handwritten copy in the reign of Kangxi.The poetry anthology of Song Dynasty that he compiles can be sorted into twenty-five volumes printed edition and one volume manuscripts.These editions can be named Songshi Shan or Songshi Xuan.And the former is published earlier than the latter.His Anthology ofAncient Prose can be sorted into two editions.There is a slight difference between the two.One edition is regarded as published in Kangxi’s Thirty-Seven Year.Actually,it is published in Kangxi’s Thirty-Eight Year.In the end,we introduce the other books that Gu Zhenguan participates in compilation and publishment,like JinCi Chuji,Nalan Ci;Xichou Richao;Jinggao Yuanyuan Lu;The Chronicle of Gu Xiancheng’s life;Chen Jiantao Ci,and so on.The chapter four is the ideological research of Gu.His poetics concept is the same as the concept of Ci "Eliminating ostentatious and expressing sprites".It is needed not only to learn the history and Confucian classics,but also to carry out in the poetry creation.There is no need to distinguish between Southern Song and Northern Song Dynasty when we learn the Ci creation.He takes Ci as a main style as important as poetry and article.He also attaches importance to the rules and forms of Ci.There is close relation between the Anthology of Ancient Prose and Guwen Yuanjian.On the one hand,he praises the Eight writers of Tang and song Dynasties highly.On the other hand,he also learns the ancient proses with elegant and concise style in other Dynasties.His Neo-Confucianism originates from his father.In his ideologies,there are not only Buddhist thoughts,but also a mixture of Neo-Confucianism and Wang Yangming’s Concepts.The chapter five is the study about Gu’s Poems.Gu Zhengguan’s poetry creation has gone through the process of learning from Du Fu in the Prosperous Tang Dynasty to Li Shangyin in the late Tang Dynasty and then to Song Poetry.Eventually,the concept of poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties is formed.In Songshi Shan,Gu Zhenguan has great respect for Song Poetry,especially for Su Shi and Lu You in the trend of Song Poetry in the early Qing Dynasty.At the same time,he has different perception from the trend,he also has great respect for Ouyang xiu,Wang Anshi,Liu Kezhuang,Zhuxi equally.Although there are some contradictions in the anthology,it reflects the concept of Song Poetry that he does not persist in learning from only one person.According to his Hucong Poerty,we can investigate the historical fact of the First Eastern Tour of Emperor Kangxi that is covered up by official history.We can explore the political reasons behind it and sort out the route and time of the tour.The chapter six is the study about Gu’s Ci.According to contrasting the different texts in A Selection of Ci Including 100 Writers and Tanzhi Ci of two and three volumes,we can find that Gu revises his words in order to make his works much more fit the metrical pattern and the meaning of Ci.Although there are still cases of disobeying the rules and forms and sometimes changing the style of Ci.Concurrently,the revising of the words also reflect the change of Gu’s mentality when he wrote his Ci and when he changed in his later years.Under the background of the history of Ci and the development of Ci in the Early Qing Dynasty,we can know that the pattern of"Writing Ci in the form of letters" is the new development of "Writing Ci in the form of articles" since Xin Qiji.The two Jinlv Qu,Gu sends to Wu Zhaoqian,are the specific reflection of "Writing Ci in the form of letters".There are two paths in the diffusion process of Jinlv Qu.On the one hand,they reflect that his Ci are concealed under the glory of Nalan Xingde and the narrative of the story behind Ci are deviated to Nalan.On the other hand,the study of Gu’s Ci returns to Ci itself to discuss.