| As the synthesizer of neo-Confucianism in song dynasty,zhu xi initiated the discussion paradigm of neo-Confucianism discourse system in song and Ming dynasties,but he was criticized in the academic history.As a master of the mind in Ming dynasty,wang yangming criticized zhu xi for attaching too much importance to the external reason instead of first standing on the conscience and conscience.The representative of modern neo-Confucianism,mou zongsan,believed that zhu xi’s philosophy lacked the moral standing of the main body,and people’s minds could not realize the realm of freedom and self-discipline because they only had cognitive significance,so he judged zhu xi as "the other son is the emperor".From the perspective of the development of ideological history and the reflection on zhu xi’s thought,it is particularly important to study the subjectivity of zhu xi’s philosophy,which can not only recognize zhu xi’s subtle philosophical thoughts,but also help to break out of the previous mold and view zhu xi’s philosophy from a more comprehensive perspective.It should be said that zhu xi’s thought not only focuses on the issue of subjectivity,but also is more precise and meticulous than that of lu wang’s mind study,which divides the subject into three levels of cultivation,cognition and morality,and finally integrates them into the standing of the moral subject.Regarding the concepts of mind,things,knowledge,and rationality involved in Zhu Xi’s"knowledge of things" and their interrelationships,we must not just understand with common knowledge,but first put it in the background of Zhu Xi’s philosophy.First,the mind It is not a ready-made container for derivation of reasoning,but a dynamic "birth of life".The reason exists in the process of the mind’s life,not the objective things outside the heart.In the understanding of things,we often take it for granted that it is connected with the "eight eyes",that is,from the perspective of foreign objects,but Zhu Xi believes that the connotation of things is first of all"three outlines”.It is the Confucian theory of time;again,the meaning of "knowledge" is different from Western epistemology.the connotation of "knowledge" is the process of"Zhenxia Yuan qi",that is,It is said that "knowledge" in Confucian philosophy is the work that the subject stands upright.In the end,Zhu Xi resorted to Zhou Dunyi’s "Tai Chi Illustrations" in Zhou Dunyi’s "Li renji" to link human subjectivity with Tai Chi(Li).Different from the western philosophy,which regards the subject as the only and static monad that is superior to the empirical things,the subject in Confucian philosophy is always facing the living world,and the subject always exists in the world.By discussing the existence of the subject in "benevolence","filial piety","life" and "regret",this paper discusses how to maintain the transcendence when the subject faces life and survival.Firstly,benevolence,filial piety,life and regret are not only the life experience which is emphasized in Confucianism,but also the problems that the subject generally encounters in life.Secondly,the existence of the subject is not ready-made and objective,but is maintained between nothingness and existence.Therefore,the standing of the subject falls into the nothingness from the existing existence,and survives by breaking away from the nothingness.Finally,in order to examine the main body the survival condition of nothingness and existence,need to rise to the Confucian metaphysics perspective to explore the main body exists the possibility of the principle,around the existing way of "sex" analysis,the way of living and relationship between man and nature to illustrate how the body is always oriented to different from their own things exist,explore the subject of principle is the identity of heterogeneous open,with single,closed identity in traditional criticism. |
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