Self-subject In Philosophy Of Mind

Mind problem has been unsolved mysteries for thousands of years and it has puzzled countless philosophers and thinkers. This paper firstly combs many kinds of points of views during human beings’ cognition process of the mind mysteries on philosophical history from sages in ancient Greece to the German classical philosophers, such as the Cartesian dualism of entities, Spinoza’s theory of balance of body and mind, Leibniz’s Monadism, Berkeley’s subjective idealism and Hegel’s objective idealism. However, these theories wanes with the British industrial revolution and the development of in 17 th century, and gives way to physicalism which is based on the Newton’s mechanical materialism which was seen as an explanation of every phenomenon in the world.With the republishing of the essay called What is It Like to be a Bat written by Nagel, mind problem becomes the focus of people’s attention once again, whether its mind qualia can be explained by physicalism. Since then, many subjects such as Philosophy, Psychology, Neuroscience, and Artificial intelligence begin exploring the mind problem. People who are against physicalism performs a series of thought experiments to prove the gap of explanation between the psychology and physicalism and points out that mind qualia is too difficult to be explained by physicalism. The physicists tried to resolve this contradiction by means of reductionism, Non-reductionismit and so on; In addition, the free will phenomenon also challenges on the physics causal closure principle.After analyzing many kinds of theories, there must be a born self-subject no matter it is about mind qualia and free will. The self here is different from the metaphysical self in the Cartesian dualism, but it is the overall effect of quantization of neurons activity which is controlled by brain and body with relative independentability, sensitivity and limited choice. The physical mechanism and the conscious mechanism are not mutually exclusive in one individual. At the same time, the physical causal closure principle is not ossified and undynamic as it is challenged by random phenomenon and the phenomenon of quantum entanglement in modern quantum physics. At last, the thought that the sheer physical world is beyond people’s imagination since we only have subjective insight which we cannot escape from. With the birth of advanced scientific experiment technology and equipment, development of artificial intelligence, spiritual problems be solved by us gradually.