| With the continuous development of human vision,places are becoming more and more a scarce spiritual home,and then become the landscape that tourists can pursue.Place refers to the spatial scope of physical dimension,it also refers to the spatial scope constructed by the perception,identification and emotional connection of individual or group psychological level.In this case,tourism has become an important way and means for people to perceive and understand the place.Modern tourism has proved that seeking different experiences from different places is one of the main interests of human beings.Ethnic cultural,to a certain extent,it can better meet the tourists’ interest.Therefore,ethnic cultural tourism has become a unique type of tourism.In most countries and regions,different ethnic cultures have experienced long-term cultural accumulation and cultural continuity,and becomes an important part of human splendid culture,sparkling like the light.Ethnic culture is the material and non-material culture created,inherited and innovated by the ethnic group in the development process of the past dynasties,and becomes the main attraction for the development of ethnic cultural tourism.In the wave of tourism modernization,tourists are tirelessly pursuing colourful minority culture,the ethnic cultural landscape of ethnic minorities has been reinterpreted and interpreted.It is precisely because of the attraction of different cultures,ethnic cultural tourism has sprung up,which is also the source of its highly respected and favored.From the perspective of domestic and foreign ethnic cultural tourism research,the research on ethnic cultural tourism experience is slightly less,and the theoretical results are relatively scattered.However,previous studies on the sense of place lack of realistic consideration of tourists’ cultural background.Basically,the cultural background of tourists is diluted and no comment is made,and the cultural background of tourists is not taken as the influencing factor of tourists’ sense of place.The theory of sense of place acquired from a single research perspective is bound to be difficult to obtain a commanding and programmatic theory.Moreover,it fails to fully interpret and understand the sense of place of tourists from a comprehensive perspective.Under the guidance of this idea,a comparative study of visitors group differences in local tourism experience based on cross-cultural perspective.Under the overall framework of tourism experience theory,starting from the sense of place theory,this paper focuses on the differences and common points of two types of tourists with different cultural backgrounds in the process of forming a sense of place in ethnic tourism destinations,and then finds out the theoretical problems which are hidden and not yet revealed.The basic research path is to investigate the differences and common local tourism experience of two types of tourists who visit the same ethnic group cultural landscape,which are similar(or the same)with ethnic tourism destination and different with ethnic culture of ethnic tourism destination.In this process,it further reveals the impact of the authenticity of ethnic cultural landscape on the two types of tourists’ sense of place.In the specific research design,the realization of the above research objectives is carried out in Shiwei,which is a ethnic tourism destination.Shiwei is one of the main settlements of the Russian ethnic group,which is formed after the marriage between China and Russia.Therefore,the culture of the Russian ethnic has become the main tourist attraction for Shiwei to attract tourists.Among the tourists who come to visit Shiwei,there are not only tourists from other ethnic groups in China,but also tourists from other countries who are different from the culture of the Russian ethnic group in Shiwei,as well as our country’s Russian ethnic group in other place and Russian tourists with the same or similar culture with the Russian ethnic group in Shiwei.The focus of the study is to investigate the similarities and differences of the sense of place formed by the two types of tourists with cultural differences in the interpretation of the cultural landscape of the Russian ethnic group in Shiwei,and then construct relevant theories to give a reasonable explanation to this special phenomenon existing in Shiwei ethnic tourism.According to the reference standard of the Russian ethnic group culture in Shiwei,the tourists in Shiwei are divided into two types of tourists with different cultural backgrounds.This study takes Shiwei’s two kinds of tourists with different cultural backgrounds as the research object,reviews the existing theories of ethnic cultural tourism,sense of place and tourism field and also discusses and interprets the essence and dimension of sense of place,the structure of tourism field,identity experience,experience in pursuit of novelty,cognitive schema of sense of place,and the role of tourism field in sense of place.The research is mainly divided into two parts,one is qualitative research,the other is quantitative research.Qualitative research mainly collects data such as interview texts,travel notes and pictures,and processes qualitative data by using generic analysis,grounded theory,ZMET metaphor extraction technology and cognitive map analysis.The main contents of qualitative research include the occurrence field of tourists’ sense of place-tourism field and dimension identification of tourism field,the structural influence of landscape types in tourism field on tourists’sense of place,and the differences and commonalities of tourists’ sense of place in different cultural backgrounds.The quantitative research is mainly to collect the relevant information of tourists’ experience in Shiwei through questionnaire,using statistical analysis’s R software tries to analyze the tourist experience preference and market segmentation of Shiwei.In the above research content,the core research is still to explore the different sense of place formed by tourists with different cultural backgrounds in the process of interpreting the cultural landscape of the Russian ethnic group in Shiwei,that is,"common landscape and common feeling".Facing the common cultural landscape of Russian ethnic groups,the two types of tourists have local tourism experience’s commonality.On the basis of this core research content,this paper further explores the different points of the sense of place formed by tourists with different cultural backgrounds in the process of interpreting the cultural landscape of the Russian ethnic group in Shiwei,that is,"common landscape and different feeling".Facing the common cultural landscape of Russian ethnic group,the different law behind the sense of place of the two types of tourists is explored.Taking this as the core content as the main line,connecting with other research plates,it forms the research system and context of this study.The research content is mainly divided into five parts,a total of 8 chapters:The first part includes chapters 1,2 and 3.The first chapter mainly introduces the research background,the reason of topic selection,research content,research ideas,paper framework,research innovation,research value,etc.,and gives a brief introduction to the development of ethnic cultural tourism at home and abroad.Generally speaking,this chapter plays a leading role.The second chapter is the literature review of related theories.Firstly,it introduces the research process of foreign ethnic cultural tourism,and extracts the central keywords of foreign ethnic cultural tourism research with the help of CiteSpace analysis software to understand the research hotspots and evolution of foreign ethnic cultural tourism.It is found that foreign ethnic cultural tourism research mainly focuses on the impact of ethnic cultural tourism,the classification of ethnic cultural tourists,the pursuit of authenticity of ethnic cultural tourists,and so on.Among them,the impact of ethnic cultural tourism mainly involves the impact of ethnic cultural tourism on ethnic identity,ethnic boundaries,ethnic communities,and so on.Compared with the study of foreign ethnic cultural tourism,domestic ethnic cultural tourism is a little sluggish.Using keywords to make co-occurrence network analysis,it is found that "ethnic areas","tourism communities”,"community participation","tourism resources" "ethnic cultural tourism","ethnic village tourism","tourism experience","development model","tourism economy" are the focus of domestic ethnic cultural tourism research.Throughout the research history of ethnic cultural tourism in China,domestic ethnic cultural tourism mainly focuses on community participation,protection and development of ethnic cultural tourism,research on the effect of ethnic cultural tourism,community residents’ perception and attitude towards the impact of ethnic cultural tourism,pursuit of authenticity,interaction between host and guest,poverty alleviation through tourism,authenticity and cultural commercialization,etc.On the whole,there is a large amount of research on countermeasures in ethnic cultural tourism at home and abroad,and the theoretical research is insufficient.There are relatively few researches on tourists’ ethnic cultural tourism experience,and there is a lack of relevant theories on ethnic cultural tourism experience.The literature review of tourism field mainly starts from the origin of the concept of "field",analyzes the research process of different disciplines such as physics,sociology,psychology and so on,and its reference and Enlightenment to the study of tourism experience research.The core category of place theory mainly deals with the distinction between the concepts of place,placeness and sense of place,and then combs the related research on the antecedents,consequences,dimensions and models of the sense of place.Through the theoretical review and literature review,we found the blank of the existing research,and further clarified the research direction.The third chapter mainly explains the research design of this study.In the research design,firstly,the general situation of the research destination of Shiwei is explained.Then,according to whether the culture of Shiwei tourism destination are the same,similar or different,the tourists of Shiwei are divided into two categories:cultural tourists of the same origin and tourists of different origin.Research methods and materials mainly introduce the data types,data processing and data analysis methods of qualitative and quantitative research.The second part includes chapter 4.The fourth chapter mainly introduces the tourism field,which is the place where tourists’ sense of place occur.First of all,this paper introduces the unique field characteristics of Shiwei tourism field,obtains the structural dimensions of tourism field:tourism atmosphere field and tourism behavior field,defines the subordinate category and cconcept of the two dimensions,puts forward the concepts of"gazed landscape" and "interactive landscape",and analyzes the structural impact of different landscape types on tourists’ sense of place,in order to constructs the structure model of tourism field.In view of the above,the level and attribute of tourism field are discussed.Tourism atmosphere field is a macro meteorological level field with basic and pervasive characteristic.Tourism behavior field is a micro concrete level field with tense and concentrative characteristic.Tourism field has the characteristics of closeness,boundedness,expansibility and perceptibility.Finally,ZMET metaphor extraction technology is used to extract the typical cultural landscape symbols in Shiwei tourism field,which paves the way for the further research.The third part includes chapters 5 and 6.The third part is the focus of this study,so chapters 5 and 6 are the core chapters of this study.The fifth chapter mainly studies the"common landscape and same sense of place",that is,the sense of place’s common features produced by the same cultural origin tourists and the different cultural origin tourists when they experience the same cultural landscape in Shiwei.The content of this chapter takes the cognitive schema of tourists’ sense of place as the breakthrough point to explore the common patterns and common laws behind the tourists’ sense of place from different cultural backgrounds.Through the cognitive map analysis of qualitative text,with the help of domain analysis,centrality analysis,cluster analysis and other six indicators of cognitive map analysis,the "busy" concepts with a large number of join in and result output are identified,"Russia","idyllic scenery","well preserved original ecological landscape" and "unique cultural customs" are the core concepts in cognitive map,which are the basic basis and unique elements for generating,relying on,maintaining tourists’ sense of place in Shiwei,and construct the basic structure and framework of tourist’s cognitive map about sense of place.Through the analysis of cognitive map,the basic structure and representation path of cognitive schema about tourists’ sense of place are obtained,and the core concepts and basic elements of tourists’ sense of place in Shiwei are understood.The causal connections,connotative connections and formation vein among the Heads,tails and cotails.We have a further understanding of the contextual knowledge and meaning generation of the sense of place,and it also reveals the mystery of"defining organizational process" in tourists’ cognitive schema about sense of place.At the same time,the related research tentacles have gradually extended to re-understand the connotation of sense of place in the tourism field.This paper further uses generic analysis to encode travel notes,explores the internal dimensions of sense of place in an empirical level,so as to construct a theoretical model of tourists’ sense of place in the "tourism field",and strive to bring the sense of place into the core category of tourism research.This study suggests that we re-understand the connotation of sense of place in the tourism world,the root lies in the fact that,acknowledging that tourists’ local experience is based on an understanding of the natural geographical environment,historical and cultural environment,and social and cultural environment of the tourism destination,in the interaction process with tourism destinations,ultimately through the tourism field including enjoyable experience,unique experience,authenticity experience,attachment experience and other present experience behavior represented by the comprehensive place experience process.Through the research on the cognitive schema of the sense of place,the common law of the generation of the tourists’ sense of place from different cultural backgrounds in Shiwei can be presented,which lays the foundation for exploring the universal law behind the sense of place of tourists in the future.Chapter 6 mainly studies "common landscape and different sense of place",that is,the difference of the sense of place between the tourists of the same cultural origin and the tourists of different culture origin who experience the same Shiwei cultural landscape.Based on the grounded theory analysis of qualitative texts,this paper has a clear understanding of the generation path of tourists’ sense of place,constructs a generation model of tourists’ sense of place under different cultural backgrounds,constructs tourists’sense of place generative model based on different cultural backgrounds and puts forward a new interpretation of the essence of tourists’ sense of place.It is believed that tourists’sense of place is a kind of embodied place pursuing novelty experience and identity experience,which is generated by tourists’ bodies with different cultural backgrounds,who are stimulated by the landscape after they are embedded in the tourism field,and a pedigree axis of tourist experience based on cultural differences is established.In this chapter,the author puts forward the following new categories:pursuing novelty experience,convergence attraction,difference attraction,reclusive pursuing novelty,rebellious pursuing novelty,identity search,identity commitment,body sense item,body synesthesia,interlinked body sense,etc.The content of this chapter confirms that tourists from different cultural backgrounds have different sense of place when they experience the same cultural landscape.In addition,according to the different symbolic meanings given by tourists to the cultural landscape of Shiwei ethnic group,the landscape can be divided into five types:ideal landscape,romanticism landscape,reclusion landscape,impprinting landscape and myth landscape.In the process of generating pursuing novelty experience and identity experience,the body actively participates in it,and divides body sense into individual level and group level.Body sense at individual level includes body sense items and body synesthesia,and body sense at group level includes interlinked body sense.The authenticity of cultural landscape is an insurmountable topic in ethnic tourism.This chapter also discusses the impact of authenticity of cultural landscape on tourists’pursuing novelty experience and identity experience,and puts forward the authenticity pursuing novelty/identity experience matrix.The fourth part includes Chapter 7.Chapter 7 is mainly through the collection of questionnaires to investigate the experience preference of Shiwei tourists and the characteristics of market segmentation.First of all,the statistical analysis of different ethnic variables in tourism expenditure,tourism experience behavior,tourism intention,tourism project importance,experience feeling and other aspects,reveals the differences between groups on the above indicators.Secondly,factor analysis is carried out on tourism behavior to identify different types of tourists’ experience preference.Finally,cluster analysis is conducted between the preference factors of experience behavior and demographic characteristics to determine which experiential behavior tendencies of tourists drive the differences between clusters,in order to divide into different market segments,analyze the obvious differences in demographic characteristics of different market segments and different preferences in the factors of experience behavior tendency.The fifth part includes Chapter 8.Chapter 8 is the conclusion and prospect of the study.First of all,the research contents of this study are sorted out,and the research conclusions of each part are refined and summarized in order to make the category,proposition and theoretical model presented in the research more clear,organized and systematic.Secondly,the limitations of this study are pointed out,and the further research directions are prospected.The innovation of this study mainly includes:(1)Innovation of research perspective.Different from previous studies,this study analyzes the generation of tourists’ sense of place from the perspective of tourists’ cultural background,and takes Shiwei ethnic culture as the division standard.This paper discusses the differences and commonness of the tourists’ sense of place from two different cultural backgrounds,it can be said that it is a comparative tourists’ sense of place study based on the cultural perspective,so it is also a cross-cultural tourism experience research.(2)Innovation of research content.As far as the research content is concerned,this study has also made some bold attempts.First of all,from the perspective of empirical research,this paper combs the internal logical relationship among the three categories of tourism field,sense of place and tourism experience,try to bring the sense of place into the research category of tourism experience,pay attention to the interpretation level of local sense for tourism experience in theoretical construction,and enhance the explanatory power about sense of place theory in tourism experience.Secondly,in the study of tourists’ sense of place with different cultural backgrounds,"common landscape and same sense of place" and "common landscape and different sense of place" are studied,the former uses cognitive schema to reveal the common rules and common patterns of tourists’sense of place in different cultural backgrounds,which further enriches the relevant theories of sense of place.The latter attempts to reinterpret the essence of the sense of place in the difference between the two types of tourists with different cultural backgrounds,and constructs the generation model of tourists’ sense of place.Finally,this study takes the tourism field as the occurrence field of tourists’ sense of place,discusses the influence mechanism of the two-dimensional structure of the tourism field on the sense of place,and the structural influence of the landscape in the tourism field on the tourists’sense of place,and constructs the structure model of the tourist field on this basis.Some new categories,new propositions and new theoretical models proposed in the study which further promote the related category and proposition theorization of tourism field and sense of place in tourism experience research.The shortcomings of this study are:firstly,limited by the researcher’s personal research experience and theoretical level,there are still some deficiencies in the processing and analysis of qualitative data,and there is still room for improvement in some theoretical propositions and models;Secondly,in the quantitative research,there is a lack of questionnaire collection about the travel experience of different cultural origin tourists;Thirdly,in quantitative research,there is still room for mining data to improve the utilization rate,which to a certain extent affects and limits the possibility of further deepening and expanding the research topic.In the future,the quantitative verification of theoretical propositions will be further strengthened on the results of previous qualitative research,so that the qualitative research conclusions can stand the test of quantitative practice. |
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