A Study On The Philosophical Category Of The Word "Zi" In Laozi From The Perspective Of The History Of Philosophical Concept

The"Zi-X"("Zi"means"Self",“自”)is based on the structure of"self",which is composed of the following verbs,pronouns,adjectives,word groups and phrases to become relatively independent words or language unit,where"Zi-verb"is the foundation.The"Zi-X"is mainly a kind of idea category,and the idea is changing and developing,the"Zi-X"experienced the process from idea to concept.The"Zi-X"can be divided into four categories:the"Zi-X"of general idea(一般观念性“自”语词),the"Zi-X"of idea-thought(观念-思想化“自”语词),the"Zi-X"of idea-philosophical(观念-哲学性“自”语词),the"Zi-X"of concept-philosophical(概念-哲学性“自”语词).Lao Tzu mainly includes the idea-philosophical"Zi-X"and the concept-philosophical"Zi-X".In other words,the"Zi-X"in Lao Tzu is a kind of philosophical category,which is composed of the philosophical ideas category(哲学观念范畴)and the philosophical concepts category(哲学概念范畴).From the perspective of the history of philosophical ideas,seek the development of the "Zi-X".In the Yin and Zhou dynasties,the oracle bones,inscriptions on bronze,Shangshu,Book of Songs,the "Zi-X" of general idea mainly reflects the people’s daily activities,a few "Zi-X" were personified.The "Zi-X" of idea-thought was generated in Yin and Zhou Dynasties,became mature during the Spring and Autumn period,they mainly showed,an independent and active "I" of existence state of their own as a subject,with some ethical appeal and value judgment.The personification of the "Zi-X" is also the idea of thinking.On this basis,the "Zi-X" in Lao Tzu has been formed.The"Zi-X"in Lao Tzu presents the existence of"Tao"(“道”),"Heaven and Earth"(“天地”)and"Wan Wu"(“万物”,"Wan Wu"are natural substances and human beings that are generated by Tao,Heaven and Earth"),which reflects the pursuit of the world’s rationality and the introspection of reality.There are three main philosophy categories of the"Zi-X"in Lao Tzu,which are the"Zi Zhi Bu Zi("Non-Self"intension of"Self",“自”之“不自”),"Zi Hua"(about Wan Wu exist autonomously,move,change and develop,自化),"Zi Ran"(reasonable oneself so,自然),and are presented with four layers of logical structure.The first layer includes Tao is"Bu Zi Wei Da"(Non-Selfish-great,不自为大),Heaven and Earth is"Bu ZiSheng"(Non-Selfish-move and operate,不自生),this layer is a philosophical ideas category.The second layer is"Wan Wu"have"Zi Hua",this layer is a philosophical ideas category.The third layer is"Zi Ran"philosophical ideas category.The fourth layer is"Zi Ran"philosophical concepts category.The"Zi-X"in Lao Tzu contains a rich and profound relationship between self and others,which reflects the existence of"Tao","Heaven and Earth"and"Wan Wu"(especially Human beings).In the perspective of"Sheng Hua theory"(about the existent to exist to live,includes movement,change and development,生化论)and Chinese cosmology,"Bu Zi Wei Da"includes"Wu Ming"(no desire no fame,无名),"Wu Wei"(void,delicate,subtle influence,move and operate imperceptibly,无为)and"Pu"(unsophisticated,朴),"Bu Zi Sheng"includes"Bu Ren"(inexorable,不仁)and"Sheng"(move and operate,生),"Sheng"means"Xu Er Bu Qu,Dong Er Yu Chu"(empty and unyielding,move and more out,虚而不屈,动而愈出)and"Bu Neng Jiu"(can’t keep for a long time,不能久).There is a certain degree of consistency between"Bu Zi Wei Da"and"Bu Zi Sheng",which provides space for"Wan Wu".In the perspective of"Sheng Hua theory","Zi Hua"of"Wan Wu"is the most common and basic state of existence in every thing.In the idea of"Zi Hua","Zi Bin"(Self-obey,自宾)and"Zi lai"(Self-come,自来)means that the nature of turn towards,"purpose"and exclusion.The"Zi Hua"of the people in"Wan Wu"is very complicated,it is a"axis",which has two aspects:dividing the point of"Hua Er Yu Zuo"(Human beings have greed,化而欲作)is divided into the reasonable-nature of"Zi Hua"and the imbalance-nature of"Zi Hua".The"Zi Hua"of the people will affect others and other things.Lao Tzu proposed especially the rulers to overcome the"Zi Xian"(Self-disclose,自见),"Zi Shi"(Self-opinionated,自是),"Zi Fa"(Self-boast,自伐),"Zi Jin"(Self-pride,自矜),"Zi Gui"(Self-dignitary,自贵)and"Zi Yi Qi Jiu"(Self-get a disaster,自遗其咎),these belong to imbalance-nature of"Zi Hua",consider the sage as a model,advocate"Bu Zi Xian"(Non-Self-disclose,不自见),"Bu Zi Shi"(Non-Self-opinionated,不自是),"Bu Zi Fa"(Non-Self-boast,不自伐),"Bu Zi Jin"(Non-Self-pride,不自矜),"Bu Zi Gu"(Non-Self-dignitary,不自贵).The basic is the"Zi Zhi"(Self-know,自知),"Zi Ai"(Self-love,自爱)and"Zi Sheng"(Self-restraint,自胜),which exerts a subtle influence on common people,so that common people tend to a certain extent relative to the"Zi Zhi","Zi Ai"and"Zi Sheng",in the social ethical life to a reasonable level of"Zi Hua",to achieve"Zi Pu"(Self-unsophisticated,自朴),"Zi Zheng"(Self-right,自正),"ZiFu"(Self-rich,自富)and"Zi Jun"(Self-stable,自均)."Wan Wu"result in"Zi Ding"(Self-peaceful,自定).We can tell from"Wan Wu zhi Zi Ran"(Zi Ran of Wan Wu,万物之自然),"Wo Zi Ran(Ye)"[I have Zi Ran,我自然(也)],"Zi Ran"is the clarification and promotion of"Zi Hua","Chang(Heng)Zi Ran(Ye)"[常(恒)自然(也)]means the generalization of"Zi Ran","Zi Ran"is a summary of the rational existence of"Tao","Heaven and Earth"and"Wan Wu"(including natural substance and human beings).From a category of philosophical ideas to philosophical concept,"Xi Yan Zi Ran"(Less"talk"is Zi Ran,希言自然)is a proposition,"Zi Ran"has been substantivized and conceptualized."Dao Fa Zi Ran"("Tao"follows"Zi Ran",道法自然)should be put in the speech sequence to understand,it is the"Zi-X"summarized of reasonable relationship between self and others:the people to achieve their own"Zi Ran"at the same time must follow and learn from"Zi Ran"of natural substance,"Heaven and Earth"and"Tao";natural substance to achieve their own"Zi Ran"at the same time must follow"Zi Ran"of"Heaven and Earth"and"Tao";"Heaven and Earth"to achieve its own"Zi Ran"at the same time must follow"Zi Ran"of"Tao";"Tao"to achieve its own"Zi Ran"at the same time must follow or achievement"Zi Ran"of"Heaven and Earth"and"Wan Wu"."Dao Fa Zi Ran"has an important significance,"Zi Ran"become the core philosophical concepts category in Lao Tzu.In a word,in Lao Tzu,the philosophy category of "Zi-X",logically,show the existence state of the subject as well as the world’s changes and development,contains profound relationship between self and others,which is full introspection and criticism,and enhanced the motivation that is based on restraint.