| Objective:This study is based on the theory of Five Yun and Six Qi in the Huangdi Neijing,and systematically analyzes the disease name classification,etiology and pathogenesis,symptom characteristics,and prevention and treatment methods of malaria in the Huangdi Neijing and various ancient historical periods.It will contribute to the improvement of the malaria theoretical system in traditional Chinese medicine literature and provide inspiration and thinking for the clinical prevention and treatment of malaria in traditional Chinese medicine.This study will also be based on public health science data platforms(http://www.phsciencedata.cn/Share/index.jsp)Using statistical methods,this study explores the five transportation and six qi patterns of malaria occurrence in China and their correlation with meteorological factors,including monthly malaria data from various regions in China from2004 to 2015,monthly average meteorological element data from Anhui Province and Yunnan Province,which are high incidence areas of malaria,and population data from Anhui Province and Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015 published by the National Bureau of Statistics.On the basis of this research,a warning mechanism model for malaria occurrence is constructed,in order to provide new ideas for preventing malaria based on climate change and have scientific guiding significance for clinical prevention and treatment of malaria.Methods:1.Research on the differentiation and treatment of ancient malaria: Mainly based on the data mining of ancient Chinese medicine books,this thesis combs and summarizes the understanding of the disease classification,etiology and pathogenesis,symptom characteristics,prevention and treatment methods,and post-treatment care of malaria in the Huangdi Neijing and the non medical literature of the Pre Qin and Han Dynasties,medical literature of the Pre Qin and Han Dynasties,medical literature of the Jin and Tang Dynasties,medical literature of the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,and medical literature of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in various historical periods.(1)Literature survey method: Search for the Chinese Medical Dictionary,Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Library Database,and Chaoxing Reading Show Database.Combine computer and manual searches to collect and organize malaria related literature,screen malaria original texts,and plan to comprehensively establish a malaria theoretical data database,laying a foundation for further in-depth research.(2)Literature research method: Sort out the differentiation and treatment theories of malaria in the Huangdi Neijing and various ancient historical periods.(3)Comparative research method: Conduct a synchronous comparison of malaria theories in literature from the same period,and a diachronic comparison of malaria theories in literature from different periods.Analyze the connections and differences of malaria theories,and explore the inheritance and continuity of the evolution of malaria theories.(4)Comprehensive analysis method: Summarize the theoretical literature on malaria in the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon and various periods,and propose a theoretical perspective on the pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of malaria.2.Research on the correlation between the incidence pattern of malaria and meteorological factors based on the theory of the Five Yun and Six Qi in the Inner Canon:Using epidemiological investigation research method to analyze the Five Yun and Six Qi patterns of malaria occurrence and their correlation with meteorological factors.(1)Descriptive statistical analysis: Select suitable statistical charts or tables to clearly express the data characteristics and distribution patterns of malaria cases,for the study of the basic situation of malaria incidence in the country and high-risk areas.(2)Chi square test: Is there a statistical difference in the incidence of malaria among different years of age,main qi,customer qi,Sitian Zaizhou,and customer main Jialin?(3)Spearman rank correlation method: Analyze the correlation between malaria incidence and meteorological factors.3.Research on the Construction of a National and High incidence Malaria Early Warning Mechanism: Based on the Five Yun and Six Qi Periods of Malaria Incidence in the Neijing,the Five Yun and Six Qi Laws of Malaria Incidence in the National and High incidence Areas,and the Correlation of Meteorological Elements in High incidence Areas,establish a Five Yun and Six Qi Early Warning Mechanism for Malaria Incidence.(1)Sorting and induction method: Sort out the periods of high incidence of malaria in the Inner Canon,as well as the periods of high incidence of malaria in Anhui and Yunnan provinces across the country,and establish early warnings for the periods of high incidence of malaria.(2)Random Forest Warning Model: Based on historical malaria incidence data and meteorological element data,establish a prediction model and analyze the factors with significant impact.Results:1 Research on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria in Ancient Times(1)A Study on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria in the Yellow Emperor’s Inner CanonThe 20 malaria related disease names in the Neijing are named after a collective name,a cause,a symptom,meridians,organs,and a frequency of onset;The synthesis of malaria gas by wind evil and water vapor is the external cause of malaria occurrence.The internal causes of malaria occurrence are the consumption of scorching yin and evaporative dampness during the summer heat.The abnormal climate change caused by luck recovery is the influencing factor of malaria occurrence.The combination of health qi and malaria pathogen is the pathogenesis of malaria occurrence;The main characteristics of the symptoms are alternating cold and heat,no location of onset,and sometimes accumulation.The symptoms of malaria in the six meridians are related to the circulation of the meridians,while the symptoms of malaria in the organs are related to the function of the organs in which they are located.Malaria occurs all year round,with a high incidence in autumn;The treatment of malaria is mainly based on acupuncture,as well as moxibustion therapy and medication principles based on the characteristics and tastes proposed in each period of the Five Yun and Six Qi.(2)Research on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria in Ancient Historical PeriodsNon medical literature from the pre Qin and Han dynasties: Three names related to malaria were discovered.The earliest record of malaria can be traced back to the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin and Shang dynasties,when many monarchs and ministers suffered from this disease.Malaria is mainly characterized by a cold and hot rest,which is epidemic,infectious,and sudden and dangerous.Its occurrence is related to seasonal climate,and two anti malaria drugs have been found in treatment.Medical literature from pre Qin and Han dynasties: 10 malaria related disease names were discovered outside of the Neijing,with the first appearance of malaria mother,female malaria,labor malaria,malaria,and ghost malaria;The incidence of malaria is influenced by the natural environment and closely related to the human body’s own state.The main symptoms of malaria are characterized by chills,strong fever,and occasional rest.There are cases where the same malaria name has similar symptoms,the same malaria name has different symptoms,and the symptoms are similar but different malaria names.The main method of treatment is oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine,and corresponding treatment principles are proposed based on the characteristics of the pulse.Medical literature from Wei,Jin,Sui,and Tang dynasties: 38 names related to malaria were discovered,including naming of organs and meridians,naming of triggering factors,naming of symptom characteristics,and naming of malaria patients;The incidence of malaria is influenced by natural climate change,caused by external pathogenic factors such as mountain mist,malaria,phlegm accumulation in the chest,typhoid fever,insufficient qi,and malaria ghosts;Part of the symptoms of malaria are exactly the same as those recorded in the Inner Canon,and some malaria symptoms are also supplemented.On the basis of cold and hot rest,malaria,ghost malaria,and malaria emphasize abdominal fullness and swelling as another main characteristic.Organ malaria increases the corresponding crisis symptoms,emphasizing the infectious and epidemic characteristics of malaria during this period;In terms of treatment,there are prescription therapy,acupuncture therapy,moxibustion therapy,and talisman therapy for malaria.Medical literature from the Song,Jin,and Yuan dynasties: 46 names related to malaria were discovered,with an increase in naming compared to before and a deeper meaning;Malaria is caused by factors such as wind,cold,heat and dampness,emotional diet,malaria and ghost behavior,luck,typhoid fever,stagnation of phlegm and evil,and inadequate water and evil;The symptoms were further supplemented and refined on the basis of the Wei,Jin,Sui,and Tang dynasties,accompanied by symptoms such as thirst,bleeding,yellowing,poor urination,and dysentery.Plasmodium and malaria are both infectious and easy to spread quickly and cause epidemics;Malaria treatment includes internal medication,external medication,acupuncture and moxibustion,qi syndrome,and expelling ghosts and malaria;The post emergency care is mainly reflected in drug care and diet care.Ming and Qing medical literature: 68 names related to malaria were discovered,and different medical experts have different names for malaria.The same type of malaria has multiple meanings during this period,including the perception of evil energy,the location of the disease,the characteristics of symptoms,and the relationship with its organs;Malaria is caused by the infection of malaria pathogens,the evil energy of heaven,insufficient righteous qi,changes in luck,phlegm and evil in the chest,and cessation of blood stasis due to drinking;Malaria is characterized by severe symptoms such as blood syndrome,syncope syndrome,pain syndrome,and tuberculosis syndrome based on the differentiation of the six meridians;In terms of treatment,there are prescriptions for internal use,prescriptions for external use,acupuncture and moxibustion therapy,qi therapy,guiding and exhaling therapy,plaster therapy,exorcism and exorcism.By comprehensively improving the environment,adjusting lifestyle,and using medication to prevent malaria.Post malarial care through diet and life adjustment.2 Research on the correlation between the incidence pattern of malaria and meteorological factors based on the theory of Five Yun and Six Qi in the Inner Canon(1)Malaria incidence nationwide and in high-risk areasThe number of cases of vivax malaria in the country is significantly higher than that of malignant malaria and other malaria cases.The incidence of total malaria and vivax malaria showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,with the highest number of malaria cases in 2006.The incidence trend of malignant malaria fluctuates and is relatively unstable;There is a significant difference in the incidence of malaria among 31 regions in China,with Anhui having the highest incidence of total malaria,Yunnan having the highest incidence of malignant malaria,and Anhui having the highest incidence of vivax malaria;The incidence of total malaria and vivax malaria in China was relatively high in 2006 and 2007,while the incidence of malignant malaria in China was relatively high in 2005 and 2004;The incidence of malaria is mainly concentrated in autumn and summer,and the incidence rate is low in winter;Malaria is more common in youth and middle age,and less common in the elderly and infants.(2)The Five Yun and Six Qi Laws of Malaria Incidence in Yunnan and Anhui Provinces,High Incidence Areas in ChinaThe total malaria,falciparum malaria,and vivax malaria in Yunnan Province and Anhui Province,as well as in the high-risk areas,have statistical significance at different time periods such as the annual movement,main qi,customer qi,Sitian Zaiquan,and customer main Jialin.Malaria is most common in Yunnan Province and Anhui Province,both nationally and in high-risk areas.The highest incidence occurs in the year when the water transportation is too high(C)and the gold transportation is less than(B).The highest incidence occurs in the period when the main qi is the third qi-Shaoyang phase fire,and the fourth qi-Taiyin wet soil.The highest incidence occurs in the period when the six qi qi are Yangming dry gold,Jueyin wind wood,and Shaoyin Jun fire.The highest incidence occurs in the period when the Si Tian is in the spring when the Yang Ming dry gold is in the Si Tian-Shaoyin Jun fire is in the spring,and the highest incidence occurs in the period when the sun is cold and the water is in the Si Tian-Taiyin wet soil is in the spring.The highest incidence occurs in the period when the main qi is added to the Lin Qi,which is Shaoyang phase fire plus Lin The highest occurrence occurs during the Jun Huo period.(3)Research on the correlation between malaria incidence and meteorological factors in Yunnan and Anhui provinces,high incidence areas in ChinaThe incidence of malignant malaria in Yunnan Province increases with the increase of temperature,the decrease of wind speed and visibility,and is not correlated with humidity and precipitation.The incidence of Plasmodium vivax in Anhui Province increases with the increase of temperature and humidity,while the decrease of wind speed and pressure leads to an increase in the number of cases,which is not correlated with precipitation and visibility.3 Research on the Construction of Early Warning Mechanisms for Malaria Incidence in National and High incidence Areas(1)Early Warning of Malaria Incidence Period Based on the Theory of Five Yun and Six Qi in the Inner CanonAt the age of excessive fire luck,during the periods of Yangming and Shaoyang,Taiyin and Quan,the victory of the sun,the revival of Shaoyang,the onset of fire depression,and the non shift of Shaoyang,it is necessary to warn of the occurrence of malaria.(2)Warning based on the Five Yun and Six Qi Periods of Malaria Incidence in China and High Incidence AreasThe total malaria in the country occurs in the year when the water transportation is too high(C)and the wood transportation is not enough(D),during the period when the main qi is the fourth qi-Taiyin damp soil,and the fifth qi-Yangming dry gold,during the period when the guest qi jueyin wind wood and Shaoyin jun fire,during the period when the sun is cold and the water is in the spring,and during the period when the jueyin wind wood is in the spring,and during the period when the jueyin wind wood is in the spring,Yangming dry gold is added with Linshaoyin jun fire,and Taiyin wet soil is added with Linjueyin wind wood.Plasmodium falciparum occurs in the year when the annual gold luck is not as good as(B)and the earth luck is too high as(A).The main qi is the Shaoyang phase fire,the second qi is the Shaoyin phase fire,the guest qi is the Jueyin wind wood,the Yangming is the dry gold period,the Yangming is the dry gold period-the Shaoyin phase fire is in the spring,the Shaoyang phase fire is the Tian-the Jueyin wind wood is in the spring,the Shaoyang phase fire is combined with the Linjueyin wind wood,and the Shaoyang phase fire is combined with the Linyangming is the dry gold period.During the year of excessive water transport(C)and insufficient wood transport(D),the fourth qi of the main qi-Taiyin damp soil,and the fifth qi-Yangming dry gold period,the periods of low yin ruler fire and jueyin wind wood,the periods of cold water in the sun-Taiyin damp soil in the spring,the periods of low yin ruler fire in the sun-Yangming dry gold in the spring,and the periods of Yangming dry gold plus Linshaoyin ruler fire and Taiyin wet soil plus Linjueyin wind wood,all types of malaria occurrences should be warned during these periods.The high incidence of total malaria in Yunnan Province occurs in the years when the gold luck is less than(B)and the soil luck is too high(A),during the periods when the main qi is the third qi-Shaoyang relative fire,the second qi-Shaoyin relative fire,during the periods when the customer qi is Yangming and the sun is cold and water is dry,during the periods when the yang ming and the gold are dry and the sun is dry,and during the periods when the sun is dry and the sun is cold and water is dry,during the periods when the yang ming and the gold are dry and the sun is dry,and during the periods when the sun is dry and the sun is dry,and during the periods when the sun is dry and the sun is dry,and.Plasmodium falciparum occurs in the year when the annual gold luck is not as good as(B)and the water luck is too high as(C).The main qi is the Shaoyang phase fire of the third qi,and the Shaoyin phase fire of the second qi.It is also known as the Qi Yang Ming dry gold and Shaoyang phase fire.The Yang Ming dry gold and Shaoyin phase fire are in the spring,and the Shaoyang phase fire is in the Tian Jue Yin wind and wood are in the spring.The Shaoyang phase fire is combined with the Linyang ming dry gold and the Shaoyin phase fire is combined with the Linshaoyang phase fire.In the year when the annual gold luck is not as good as(B)and the earth luck is too high as(A),the third qi of the main qi-Shaoyang Xianghuo,and the fourth qi-Taiyin Wet Earth,during the periods of Yangming Dry Gold and Taiyang Cold Water,Yangming Dry Gold Si Tian Shaoyin Jun Huo in the spring,Shaoyang Xianghuo Si Tian Jueyin the spring,Shaoyang Xianghuo Lin Yangming Dry Gold,and Shaoyang Xianghuo Lin Shaoyang Xianghuo,the occurrence of various types of malaria should be warned during these periods.The high incidence of total malaria in Anhui Province occurs during the year when the water transportation is too high(C)and the wood transportation is less than(D),during the period when the main qi is the fourth qi-Taiyin damp soil,and the fifth qi-Yangming dry gold,during the period when the guest qi is less than yin jun fire and the jueyin wind wood,during the period when the sun is cold and the water is more than tian-Taiyin wet soil is in the spring,and during the period when the jueyin wind is more than mu tian-Shaoyang phase fire is in the spring,during the period when the yang dry gold is added to the Linshaoyin jun fire,and during the period when the Taiyin wet soil is added to the Linju.Plasmodium falciparum occurs during the years when the fire luck is less than(Gui)and the soil luck is too high(A),during the periods when the main qi is the third qi-Shaoyang phase fire,the final qi-Sun cold water,during the periods when the guest qi is jueyin wind wood,and during the periods when the Taiyin is damp soil,during the periods when the jueyin wind wood is in the sky-Shaoyang phase fire is in the spring,and during the periods when the Shaoyin Jun fire is in the sky-Yang Mingzao Jin is in the spring,during the periods when the Shaoyang phase fire is in the sun cold water,and during the periods when the jueyin wind wood is in the sun.During the year when the annual water transport is too high(C)and the wood transport is not enough(D),the fourth qi of the main qi-Tai Yin damp soil,the fifth qi-Yang Ming dry gold period,the period when the guest qi is less than Yin Jun fire and the Jue Yin wind wood period,the period when the sun is cold and the water is more than Tian Yin wet soil is in the spring,the period when the Jue Yin wind wood is more than Tian Shao Yang phase fire is in the spring,the period when the Yang Ming dry gold is added to Lin Shao Yin Jun fire,and the period when the Tai Yin wet soil is added to Lin Jue Yin wind wood period,all kinds of malaria occurrences should be warned during these periods.(3)Construction of a Meteorological Related Early Warning Mechanism for the Incidence of Plasmodium falciparum in Yunnan Province and Plasmodium vivax in Anhui ProvinceThe prediction model fits well with the actual situation,and the predicted values slightly overestimate the actual values.Conclusion:1 Research on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria in Ancient Times(1)Research has found that the Neijing and various ancient historical periods have elaborated on the classification of malaria names,etiology and pathogenesis,symptom characteristics,treatment methods,etc.,improving the theoretical system of malaria diagnosis and treatment.Throughout history,many medical practitioners have inherited the theory of malaria diagnosis and treatment from the Neijing,and on this basis,they have supplemented and enriched it,proposing that the theory of malaria has inheritance and innovation in the process of diagnosis and treatment transmission.(2)Research has found that malaria has different names for the same symptom at different stages,and different symptoms have the same destiny at different stages.It is proposed that the naming and meaning of malaria mainly include pathogenic factors,symptom characteristics,pathogenic location,and onset time.(3)Research has found that both the Inner Canon and ancient historical periods in explaining the causes of malaria believe that the occurrence of malaria is closely related to natural climate.It is proposed that the external factors mainly include wind,cold,heat,dampness,heat,and other pathogenic factors,as well as damage to organs such as the liver,heart,spleen,lungs,kidneys,stomach,and internal injury factors such as emotional and dietary factors;Propose that the incidence of malaria is influenced by abnormal climate changes in the five vital systems and six qi;In addition to external and internal factors,the incidence of malaria is related to environmental factors,physical factors,regional factors,and supernatural factors;Proposing that malaria is influenced by the pathogenic factors of malaria reveals the essence of its onset.(4)Research has found that there are various types of malaria in the Neijing and ancient historical periods,with varying symptoms.Especially focusing on the three major symptoms of chills,strong fever,intermittent rest,and infectious epidemics,it is proposed that the diagnostic criteria for malaria in ancient times are consistent with those in modern times;Based on the characteristics of malaria transmission and epidemic,it is proposed that malaria belongs to the category of epidemic diseases,which is consistent with today’s view that malaria is an epidemic infectious disease;Malaria has been found to occur in all four seasons,with a seasonal characteristic of high incidence in autumn.(5)The study found that the treatment of malaria in the period of the Internal Classic was mainly acupuncture treatment.In ancient times,there were prescriptions for internal treatment,prescriptions for external treatment,acupuncture and moxibustion and moxibustion treatment,magic words to eliminate malaria,guiding and exhaling therapy,plaster treatment,and qi syndrome treatment.Malaria treatment in various historical periods was based on the methods of the Internal Classic,supplemented and developed;The treatment of malaria is proposed as a treatment concept based on syndrome differentiation,differentiation of malaria,disease location,and individual treatment,reflecting the flexibility and richness of the treatment method;At the same time,while dispelling evil,it is important to attach importance to consolidating and protecting the righteous qi;Research has found that many medical practitioners use cold and hot medicines based on the climate characteristics caused by the changes in the Five Yun and Six Qi during the onset of malaria.They propose that the principles of the Five Yun and Six Qi play an important role in exploring the pathogenesis and treatment process of malaria.2 Research on the correlation between the incidence pattern of malaria and meteorological factors based on the theory of Five Yun and Six Qi in the Inner Canon(1)Research has found that malaria occurs throughout the four seasons,but has a seasonal characteristic of high incidence in summer and autumn;Malaria affects people of all ages,but has a high incidence among middle-aged and young people;Malaria is prevalent in many regions,but it is characterized by a high incidence in Anhui and Yunnan provinces.(2)Research has found that the incidence of malaria is related to the prevalence of cold evil,abnormal cold and dampness,cold and hot interaction,damp and hot interaction,dry and hot combination,rheumatism combination,and high fire and heat climate caused by changes in the Five Yun and Six Qi.Similar to the pathogenic factors of malaria recorded in the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon and historical literature,they are all influenced by natural climate such as wind,cold,heat,dampness,and heat.This indicates that the incidence of malaria is closely related to the Five Yun and Six Qi,and is similar in ancient and modern times.Malaria is highly prevalent during the periods of Shaoyang fire in the Three Qi and Taiyin damp soil in the Four Qi,which is consistent with the seasonal characteristics of high incidence in the summer and autumn seasons recorded in various historical periods.(3)Research has found that the incidence of malignant malaria in Yunnan Province is somewhat affected by temperature,wind speed,and visibility;The incidence of Plasmodium vivax in Anhui Province is influenced to some extent by temperature,humidity,wind speed,and pressure.3 Research on the Construction of Early Warning Mechanisms for Malaria Incidence in National and High incidence AreasThe warning model established based on the Five Yun and Six Qi Laws of Malaria Incidence in the Inner Canon,the Five Yun and Six Qi Laws of Malaria Incidence in Yunnan Province and Anhui Province,as well as historical data and meteorological factors,has a certain predictive effect on the occurrence of malaria. |
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