A Comparative Analysis Of Medical Professionalism Curricula In Undergraduate Medical Education Between China And Japan

Objective: This paper analyzes the characteristics and deficiencies of the curriculum construction of professionalism for Chinese medical students and then puts forward some suggestions for the reform of the professionalism curriculum by implementing the comparative study of the curriculum of professionalism in undergraduate medical education of Chinese and Japanese universities,to promote the construction and development of the curriculum system of professionalism in China.Methods: 1.Theoretical Research on the curriculum construction of professionalism in undergraduate medical education of Chinese and Japanese universities: To fully understand the background of the course construction of professionalism in undergraduate medical education of Chinese and Japanese universities,and to provide a theoretical basis for the comparative study of the course construction of professionalism in undergraduate medical education of Chinese and Japanese universities,the literature research method,historical research method,and comparative research method were adopted.This paper summarized the similarities and differences between China and Japan in the understanding of the connotation of Chinese physicians’ professionalism on the historical level,the differences and similarities in the research on the connotation of Chinese physicians’ professionalism in the academic field,and the basis of curriculum construction in the policy level.2.Research on the current situation of the construction of Chinese physicians’ professionalism in Chinese and Japanese universities or colleges: To thoroughly compare the current status of physicians’ professionalism courses in Chinese and Japanese universities,the overall trend,and the current state of the current situation of the construction of medical professionalism course in Chinese and Japanese universities were explored by combining the findings from a national survey,comparative analysis,case study,and interviews.3.Suggestions on the construction and reforms of medical professionalism courses in Chinese colleges and universities: To make the suggestions on the construction and reforms applicable and practicable,in-depth interviews were conducted to collect information on demands,problems,opinions,and suggestions about professionalism courses from the teaching administrators,medical teachers,and students of all grades.Results: 1.Theoretical research on the professionalism course of physicians in undergraduate medical education of Chinese and Japanese colleges and universities:(1)The traditional cognition of the professionalism culture of physicians(self-sacrifice spirit)in Japan still exists and continues to affect healthcare workers,which is quite similar to China and provides a cultural basis for the comparative study on the professionalism courses of physicians in China and Japan;(2)Researches on the connotation of professionalism of Japanese physicians mainly focused on their social contract relationship,and advocated to define them through practice and evaluable action patterns.In China,the emphasis is usually placed on the internalized spiritual connotation,such as occupation concept,value orientation,and code of practice.And this might be one of the root causes of the difference in the current situation of the medical professionalism courses in undergraduate medical education at colleges and universities between China and Japan.(3)The training objectives and construction of physicians’ professionalism curriculum in Japan are based on the connotation definition,training objectives,and curriculum objectives of physicians’ professionalism in the typical core curriculum guidelines issued by the Japan Ministry of Education.Although our country has recently focused on the training of physician professionalism,and our government has precise requirements of toplevel design competence towards medical universities and colleges,the guidance of the construction of medical professionalism curriculum is not detailed enough and thus lacks practicability.2.Research on the current situation of the construction of Chinese physicians’ professionalism curriculum in undergraduate medical education of Chinese and Japanese colleges and universities:(1)The training of doctors’ professionalism is carried out in different forms in undergraduate medical education of Chinese and Japanese colleges and universities,with different training objectives,training contents,preparation plans and system status;(2)Both China and Japan have clear goals for the training of Chinese physicians’ professionalism,which are set up in accordance with the guidance documents of various national institutions;(3)In comparison,although the setting of training content is not clear enough,the current situation is that the teachers in the course of teaching to carry out Chinese physicians’ professionalism education with their own understanding;(4)Although there are corresponding goal setting in the training of physicians’ professionalism,most of them are expressed in internalized words.In terms of the content construction of college physicians’ professionalism,most of them are included in medical humanities courses or carried out in the form of case studies in professional courses;(5)The setting of the curriculum system of professionalism education for doctors mainly considers the integration with the content of professional courses,and there is no independent curriculum system setting.3.In the part of research on the reform direction of the curriculum construction of Chinese physicians’ professionalism in undergraduate medical education of Chinese and Japanese universities,semi-structured interviews were conducted on the demands,current views and suggestions of teaching management cadres,teaching practice teachers and medical students on the cultivation of Chinese physicians’ professionalism,and the interview results were summarized as follows:(1)The top-level design of Chinese physicians’ professionalism course in college education stage is relatively imperfect;(2)The construction of Chinese physicians’ professionalism curriculum under the background of cultural environment needs to be further strengthened;(3)The guarantee system and mechanism of the construction of professionalism curriculum for doctors in colleges and universities should be strengthened and deepened;(4)The teaching practice management of doctors’ professionalism course needs to be further strengthened.Conclusion: Under the background of the popularity of higher education and globalization,it is of positive significance for our country’s development of medical education by learning from the advanced experience of other countries and combining the national conditions of our country.As a particular form of ability,Chinese physicians’ professionalism is the reaction of medical development and medical practice in people’s minds and behavior,which runs through medical development and medical practice.In a broad sense,it refers to the values of Chinese physicians’ professionalism solidified in the human brain.In a narrow sense,it refers to the behavior pattern during the medical career.The origin of Chinese physicians’ professionalism culture at the stage of college education in China and Japan shows that there are similarities between China and Japan in the level of Chinese physicians’ professionalism culture,and their early culture was influenced by Buddhism and Confucianism,highlighting the cultural spirit connotation of altruism.With the development and change in history and culture,China and Japan have experienced different social development,and the research tendency of professional spirit connotation of Chinese and Japanese physicians has different contents.As a result,the construction basis of medical professionalism courses,the guiding plan,and the actual development status of colleges and universities are different.The cultivation of physician professional spirit should be included in the training goals of medical students based on the demands,opinions and suggestions of three types of groups in the course of our educational practice,in theory,current situation,and training.Medical students of any level and specialty should put the cultivation of doctors’ professional spirit in a critical position.In addition,the course of physicians’ professionalism should be combined with theory and practice,and the design should run throughout the medical education process.To implement the core concept of "student-centered",increase the clinical education in the early stage of medical education,integrate medical professionalism education into the process of medical theory teaching,medical experiment,and medical practice,and combine medical professionalism education with medical professional knowledge and skills and form large modules of physicians’ professionalism courses.And strengthen the external environment construction and the guarantee of system mechanism to tamp further the practice effect of the period of physicians’ professionalism.