| Purpose:Through the study of ancient and modern literature,this paper selected and sorted out relevant papers that meet the requirements,and combined them with modern statistics and network pharmacology.By comparing the evolution of ancient and modern diseases,the changes of syndrome differentiation,and the similarities and differences of prescription and medication,this paper aims to explore the law of syndrome treatment of pulmonary collateral disease in ancient and modern times.The most frequently occurring drugs were analyzed by network pharmacology with the most studied pulmonary collateral diseases,so as to clarify the pharmacological mechanism.It is expected to provide reference for clinical medication in the future and broaden ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Material and method: This study mainly includes two parts.In the first part,the literature from CNKI journal database was searched by computer.Taking "Feiluo" as the subject word,the visual map analysis of lung collateral related research knowledge was discussed based on Cite Space.The second part,the ancient and modern related literature of pulmonary collateral disease were collected through the Chinese medical code and the CNKI.Extracted the disease type,symptoms,syndrome elements,tongue and pulse,medication law,pulmonary collateral distribution,physical and chemical examination and other information of pulmonary collateral disease.The collected ancient and modern data were standardized,the database was established,and the statistical methods such as frequency analysis,system clustering,association rules and complex network analysis are used for mining and exploration.And further explored the ancient and modern evolution law of pulmonary collateral disease.Results:1.Analysis results of visual knowledge map of lung collateral related research based on Cite Space: a total of 613 articles were included,and the number of articles increased year by year;There are 34 core research scholars,represented by LV Xiaodong,Wang Qi and Miao Qing;There are 23 core research institutions,represented by Liaoning University of traditional Chinese medicine,Beijing University of traditional Chinese medicine and Shandong University of traditional Chinese medicine;There are 22 core keywords in total,and the most frequent are pulmonary fibrosis,idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,traditional Chinese medicine therapy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The cluster map shows that the research mainly includes clinical specific diseases,clinical commonly used drugs,treatment methods and treatment principles and common pathogenesis.The analysis of emerging words shows that the research focus is on the use of pulmonary collateral theory to treat clinical chronic,refractory Complex lung diseases with considerable persistence.2.Ancient pulmonary collateral disease data mining results: taking "Chinese medical code" as the data source of lung collateral disease recorded in ancient times,and taking "lung collateral" as the key word for retrieval,after preliminary judgment and sorting.There were92 records of pulmonary collateral disease,3 records of pulmonary collateral distribution and course,324 entries of pulmonary collateral disease related symptoms,189 pulse effective data records,17 tongue effective data,15 fur effective data,19 fur color effective data,213 syndrome related data,and 257 Chinese medicines for the treatment of pulmonary collateral disease.Distribution of ancient pulmonary collateral diseases: among the ancient pulmonary collateral diseases,the pulmonary diseases named cough had the highest frequency,11 times,accounting for 11.96%.The second is hemoptysis,pulmonary flaccidity,hematemesis,pulmonary carbuncle and asthma,with a total frequency of 46 times,accounting for 50.00%.The total frequency of other diseases(such as accumulation and tight throat wind)is 35 times,accounting for 38.04%.Distribution of characteristics of ancient pulmonary collaterals:according to the statistics of the distribution and physiological characteristics of the pulmonary collaterals,it was found that the ancient classics do not describe the physiological functions of the pulmonary collaterals,and only three entries show that the pulmonary collaterals are related to the walking of the ear and throat.Symptom analysis of ancient pulmonary collateral disease: after standardized treatment,61 kinds of symptoms were obtained from the ancient pulmonary collateral disease database,and 8 symptoms with frequency ≥ 10.The high-frequency symptoms were hemoptysis,cough,wheezing,chest and flank tingling,long cough,fever,hoarseness and wheezing.Distribution of pulse and tongue in ancient pulmonary collateral disease: in ancient times,there were 19 kinds of pulse phenomena of pulmonary collateral diseases,and the frequency from more to less was number pulse,string pulse,smooth pulse,fine pulse and so on.The highest frequency of ancient lung collateral disease was red tongue,accounting for 8 times,accounting for 47%;the frequency of greasy fur was the highest,accounting for 4 times,accounting for 23.5%;In the moss color,yellow moss appeared 13 times,accounting for 68.4%.Distribution of syndrome elements of ancient pulmonary collateral disease: the ancient lung collateral disease syndrome elements were mainly exogenous,phlegm turbidity and yin deficiency,accounting for 46.48%,25.82% and 10.33% respectively.According to the classification of deficiency and excess,the real syndrome elements accounted for 82.16%,the deficiency syndrome elements accounted for 17.84%,and the ratio of deficiency and excess was 1:4.6.Among the solid syndrome elements: exogenous > phlegm turbidity > blood stasis > toxin > qi stagnation,and among the deficiency syndrome elements: Yin deficiency > qi deficiency > blood deficiency > Yang deficiency.Statistical analysis of drugs used in ancient pulmonary collateral diseases: there were 1600 traditional Chinese medicines in total,and the cumulative use frequency was 257 times.There are 21 traditional Chinese medicines with medication frequency≥19,such as almond,licorice,Fritillaria thunbergii,Poria cocos,Inula,Platycodon grandiflorum and so on.According to cluster analysis,the drugs can be divided into four categories: loquat leaf-Inula-perilla-Rubia-turmeric,Danpi-coix seed-donkey hide gelatin-raw land-Ophiopogon japonicus-Fritillaria,Pinellia ternata-Poria cocos-orange red-almond-licorice-Platycodon grandiflorum-mulberry leaf,winter melon kernel-reed root-raw gypsum.The core drug combination with the highest correlation degree was selected as almond and perilla seed by using association rules.3.Data mining results of modern pulmonary collateral disease: taking CNKI as the data source,1153 pieces of TCM disease name information,81 pieces of effective data information on the physiological structure of pulmonary collaterals,756 pieces of symptom description,734 pieces of effective pulse data records,270 pieces of tongue quality description,237 pieces of fur quality description,196 pieces of fur color description,217 pieces of physical and chemical examination data information,1878 pieces of syndrome element distribution information were obtained.9568 traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of pulmonary collaterals were searched and sorted out.The total frequency of traditional Chinese medicine was 438 times.Distribution of modern pulmonary collateral diseases: there is no disease directly named "pulmonary collateral disease" in modern pulmonary collateral disease."Pulmonary arthralgia","pulmonary flaccidity" and "cough" are more named in traditional Chinese medicine,of which the frequency of pulmonary arthralgia is the highest,174 times,accounting for 15.09%,Western medicine is widely used in "pulmonary fibrosis","pneumonia" and "COPD",of which the frequency of pulmonary fibrosis is the highest,118 times,accounting for 15.32%.Physiological structure and function of modern pulmonary collaterals: the modern description of the physiological structure and function of lung collaterals is more detailed,which is divided into narrow lung collaterals and broad lung collaterals.According to the spatial location attribute,it is divided into Yin collaterals and Yang collaterals,and according to the functional attribute,it is divided into Qi collaterals and blood collaterals.In structure,it is similar to the modern anatomical structure of lung,and in function,it is emphasized that lung collaterals can warm and nourish the body and infiltrate the viscera.Symptom analysis of modern pulmonary collateral disease: using the keywords "lung collaterals","collaterals" and "lung" to search the database,144 kinds of symptoms were obtained,and the total frequency of symptom use was 1844 times.The 35 symptoms with the frequency of symptoms ≥ the average frequency(frequency ≥ 12 times)were regarded as the core symptoms of pulmonary collateral disease.The symptom with the highest frequency was "cough",a total of 171 times,accounting for 9.27%.Distribution of pulse and tongue of modern pulmonary collateral disease: there are 20 kinds of pulse records of modern pulmonary collateral disease,and the frequency from more to less is number pulse,fine pulse,string pulse,smooth pulse and so on.The most frequent occurrence of tongue substance was red tongue,147 times,accounting for 54.4%;Thin moss appeared 102 times,accounting for 43%;The frequency of yellow moss was the highest,119 times,accounting for60.7%.Pathological examination and analysis of modern pulmonary collaterals: at present,there are no specific items for physical and chemical examination of pulmonary collateral disease.Most physical and chemical examinations are aimed at lung diseases in traditional Chinese medicine.The most examinations were chest X-ray,63 times,accounting for 28.51%.Analysis of syndrome elements of modern lung collateral diseases: modern lung collateral disease syndrome elements are mainly blood stasis,phlegm turbidity and Qi deficiency,accounting for 26.89%,21.94% and 15.07% respectively.When classified by deficiency and excess,the real syndrome elements account for 67.73%,the deficiency syndrome elements account for 32.27%,and the deficiency and excess ratio is 1:2.1.Among the elements of solid syndrome: Blood Stasis > phlegm turbidity > toxin > exogenous > qi stagnation,and among the elements of deficiency syndrome: Qi deficiency > Yin deficiency > Yang deficiency >blood deficiency.Statistical analysis of modern pulmonary collateral disease drugs: a total of9568 traditional Chinese medicines were used for pulmonary collateral disease,with a cumulative frequency of 9568 times.35 traditional Chinese medicines such as licorice,Ophiopogon japonicus,Astragalus membranaceus,almond and Angelica sinensis were used more than 66 times.According to cluster analysis,the drugs can be divided into honeysuckle Forsythia suspensa;Scutellaria baicalensis-mulberry bark-Trichosanthes-Zhejiang Fritillaria;Licorice Platycodon grandiflorum ephedra almond perilla;Yam-Rehmannia-Pinellia ternata-tangerine peel-Atractylodes macrocephala-Codonopsis pilosula-Poria cocos-Astragalus-aster;Ophiopogon japonicus-sea cucumber-Schisandra chinensis-ginseng;Cortex Moutan-Radix Rehmanniae-Radix Paeoniae Alba;Red peony-safflower-peach kernel-Ligusticum chuanxiong-Angelica sinensis-Salvia miltiorrhiza-earthworm-Panax notoginseng.The core drug combination with the highest correlation was Pinellia ternata and tangerine peel by using association rules.4.Analysis of ancient and modern evolution law of pulmonary collateral disease: through the further analysis of the evolution law of pulmonary collateral disease in ancient and modern times,the research of disease types has attracted more and more attention,the naming of disease types has become more and more standardized,and the scope of disease types has focused on the chronic complex lung disease of pulmonary stroma and airway;It is more and more abundant and detailed in the physiological structure,distribution characteristics and physiological function evolution of pulmonary collateral disease;The subject of symptoms changed,and the syndrome elements tended to evolve into deficiency syndrome elements;Drugs tend to tonify deficiency,promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis,and drugs for resolving phlegm,relieving cough and asthma run through.Conclusion:1.By comparing the similarities and differences between ancient and modern pulmonary collateral diseases,it can be found that the pulmonary collateral theory guides the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases gradually,the applicable diseases for the treatment of pulmonary diseases by collateral theory gradually increase,and the naming of diseases is more standardized and detailed.The evolution from "cough" with the highest frequency of pulmonary collateral disease in ancient times to modern "pulmonary arthralgia" and "pulmonary fibrosis" reflects that many doctors have a clearer and more specific understanding of the diseases applicable to the theory of pulmonary collateral disease,and also shows that chronic complex pulmonary diseases have gradually become the dominant diseases treated by collateral theory.2.The ancient literature database of pulmonary collateral disease only records some official orifices of pulmonary collateral circulation,while the modern literature database of pulmonary collateral disease starts with the classification,composition,spatial location and functional attributes of pulmonary collateral,which not only covers its commonness as collateral,but also emphasizes its individuality of belonging to lung,Combined with the modern anatomical structure and physiological function of lung,describe it from multiple directions and angles,so as to visualize the physiological structure and function of lung collaterals.3.According to the statistical results of ancient and modern symptoms of pulmonary collateral disease,the classification of modern symptoms is becoming more and more clear,such as aversion to cold in conscious symptoms,which is carefully standardized as aversion to cold,slight aversion to cold,back aversion to cold,etc.The main body of symptoms also changed from ancient cough,cough,wheezing,chest pain to modern cough,expectoration,chest tightness,wheezing,and hemoptysis.This may be related to the improvement of diagnosis and treatment,and the incidence rate of lung diseases such as "pulmonary fibrosis" and "COPD".4.For syndrome elements,it has evolved from a single syndrome element in ancient times to a modern hybrid combination of multiple syndrome elements,The nature of syndrome elements changes from real syndrome elements to virtual syndrome elements.This may be related to the change of people’s life law caused by more complex social and environmental factors in modern life.Modern human body constitution is more inclined to virtual image,and is more prone to chronic virtual diseases.5.Based on the analysis of the medication law of ancient and modern pulmonary collateral diseases,it is concluded that high-frequency traditional Chinese medicine has changed from phlegm resolving,cough relieving and asthma medicine almond to tonifying deficiency drugs such as licorice,Ophiopogon japonicus and Astragalus membranaceus.From the medication law,it can be indirectly analyzed that the syndrome substitutes tend to deficiency syndrome elements,so the medication is mainly around tonifying deficiency drugs.Whether modern or ancient,the main efficacy is expectorant and expectorant,and the main therapeutic purpose is to alleviate and eliminate the symptoms of cough and wheezing.Traditional Chinese medicine for resolving phlegm and relieving cough runs through the treatment of pulmonary collateral disease.The cluster analysis of high-frequency traditional Chinese medicine has increased from four categories to seven categories,which also reflects that the modern medicine for the treatment of pulmonary collateral disease is more detailed and comprehensive. |
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