| As the main cotton producing area in China,Xinjiang cotton output ranked first in the country for 26 consecutive years up to 2020,and occupied an important position that can not be ignored.Cotton industry is the main source of agricultural economy in Xinjiang,it is of great significance to rural economic construction,solve the livelihood problems of cotton farmers and increase their income.In the long-term cotton planting process,Xinjiang cotton production has accumulated many problems,such as cotton varieties chaotic,poor consistency,serious pollution of heterosexual fibers,insufficient supply of high-quality cotton etc,especially the quality of cotton is becoming increasingly serious.Under the background of agricultural supply side reform,how to improve cotton quality is an important problem to be solved urgently in the development of cotton production in Xinjiang,and is the key to alleviate the structural imbalance between cotton supply and demand.What is more,it is the inevitable choice of implementing the strategy of quality agriculture and promoting the reform of cotton production supply side in Xinjiang.Farmers as the main body of cotton production,their production behavior is closely related to the improvement of cotton quality.So it is an important way to improve the quality of cotton to start from the farmers who are at the source of cotton production.The traditional cotton planting production and management makes most farmers determine the quality of cotton by "clothing score" and "yield",while ignoring the key contents of length,horse clones value and fracture ratio strength to judge cotton quality,so that farmers’ understanding of cotton quality has cognitive deviation.What is the quality cognition status of cotton farmers in Xinjiang at present? Does the quality cognition of farmers have an impact on their cotton production behavior? What factors restrict the occurrence of cotton production behavior of farmers? In view of the above problems,this study used macroscopic data to analyze the present situation of cotton production and quality in Xinjiang,combined with the microscopic data of field investigation to understand the quality cognition of farmers in Xinjiang,and to deeply analyzes the influence of farmers’ quality cognition on their cotton production behavior in order to seek to enhance the quality cognition level of Xinjiang farmers and to optimize cotton production behavior of farmers in Xinjiang while improving cotton quality in Xinjiang.Based on the above considerations,this paper combed and summarized the relevant theories,such as production theory,social cognition theory,behavioral economics theory,peasant household behavior theory,etc.and laid the theoretical foundation for the follow-up study.The logical framework of this study:the logical framework of Xinjiang farmers’ quality awareness on their cotton production behavior.Firstly,this paper used macro data to summarize the status of cotton production and quality in Xinjiang from three aspects: natural environment of cotton growth,division of dominant producing areas and cotton quality status,existing problems and reasons.Secondly,based on the difference of farmers’ quality cognition,the FA-SEM model was used to analyze the inner relation between farmers’ quality cognition,environment perception and cotton production behavior perception.Based on the SCP theory,the structural equation model of "technology training-farmers’ cognition-technology adoption" was constructed to explore the key factors influencing the adoption of cotton production technology by cotton farmers in Xinjiang.At the same time,through constructing the "internal-external factors" driven by the selection of agricultural production and management organization model analysis framework,this paper explored the factors affecting the selection of cotton production organization model farmers.Finally,combining the results of descriptive statistics and empirical research put forward feasible policy suggestions to optimize the cotton production behavior of farmers in Xinjiang.Through the above analysis,the following five main conclusions can be drawn: Firstly,from the macro point of view,cotton production in the space showed uneven layout structure.The cotton-growing areas are concentrated in Bazhou,Aksu and Kashi regions of southern Xinjiang,Changji,Tacheng in northern Xinjiang and parts of eastern Xinjiang,area and production showed a rising trend of volatility.The cotton production in Shaya County,Shawan County and Yuli County ranked first in average area,average yield and unit area yield respectively.The unique climatic conditions in Xinjiang have a deep influence on cotton yield and quality,which makes the quality of cotton in Xinjiang better than that in other parts of China.Color grade of cotton is mainly white cotton,cotton length is mainly concentrated in 28 mm,Macron value in the B2,rolling quality,breaking ratio strength and length uniformity are mainly in the middle grade.However,there are many problems of cotton varieties,poor consistency,heterosexual fiber pollution,low quality of machine-made cotton,and natural factors,cotton market situation,cotton industry policy and production links are the key factors affecting cotton quality.Secondly,because of individual differences,farmers’ cognition of cotton color,fiber length,fiber maturity,fiber toughness and length uniformity is different,and the cotton quality cognition of farmers in the investigated area is in the general cognitive level,and it shows great regional and scale differences.Although farmers in Xinjiang have a certain cognition of cotton quality,they have insufficient cognition of the intrinsic indexes related to cotton quality,and the farmers’ preference,general cognition,whether there are computers,whether there are technical service personnel,whether there are agricultural cooperatives,family social relations,whether to participate in the cotton production organization model of "cotton farmer+enterprises" and whether to participate in the cotton production organization model of "cotton+enterprises+cooperatives" are the main factors affecting farmers’ cotton quality cognition.Thirdly,there is a certain internal relationship between farmers’ quality cognition,cotton production environment perception and cotton production behavior perception,which can be expressed as follows:farmers’ quality cognition has a significant positive impact on their policy environment perception,policy environment perception is positively related to their cotton field environment perception,farmers’ cotton field environment perception has a direct impact on their cotton production behavior perception,while quality cognition,policy environment perception has no prominent impact on their cotton production behavior perception.The quality cognition of farmers promotes the increase of their awareness level of policy environment,and the awareness of policy environment enhances the awareness of farmers’ cotton field environment,and the higher the degree of farmers’ awareness of cotton field environment,the higher the probability of producing change of cotton behavior.Farmers’ cognition of cotton fiber length greatly affects their policy environment perception,and farmers’ perception of establishing cotton production reserve will significantly affect their cotton field environment perception.Fourthly,farmers are familiar with cotton production technology,most of them think that it has a great impact on the quality of cotton.More than 54% of farmers adopt various cotton production technologies.Under different quality perceptions,the proportion of farmers using and not using cotton production technology is quite different.As far as the farmers who adopt various technologies are concerned,their quality awareness is mainly based on general understanding,and the proportion of farmers who do not know and know very well is relatively small.The result of structural equation model shows that there is a positive correlation between technology training and farmers’ cognition,and between farmers’ cognition and their adoption behavior of cotton production technology,while the external technology training has no significant impact on whether farmers in Xinjiang adopt cotton production technology.Cotton fiber length,color,fiber maturity,fiber toughness,fiber length uniformity and standardized path coefficient between the cotton field environment decreased in turn;farmers’ knowledge of cotton pest control technology,cotton scientific fertilization technology,cotton water-saving irrigation technology,cotton pesticide safety use technology,respectively,affected cotton agricultural technology cognition in turn.The influence of the number of cotton quality technical training and whether or not to carry out cotton quality technical training on farmers’ technical training is gradually reduced.Various technical variables,such as water-saving irrigation,pest control,safe use of pesticides and scientific fertilization technology variables,have gradually reduced their impact on farmers’ cotton production technology adoption behavior.Fourthly,farmers are familiar with cotton production technology,most cotton farmers think that it has a great impact on cotton quality,among them,the proportion of farmers who choose to adopt various cotton production technology is more than 54%,the proportion of farmers who use different quality cognition and do not use cotton production technology is quite different.As far as the farmers who adopt various technologies are concerned,their quality cognition is mostly "general understanding ",and the farmers who " do not understand " and " very understand " are relatively small.The results of adopting structural equation model of cotton production technology show that there is a positive correlation between technology training and farmers’ cognition,farmers’ cognition and their adoption behavior of cotton production technology,but the influence of external technology training on whether farmers adopt cotton production technology in Xinjiang is not prominent.The standardized path coefficients between fiber length,color,fiber maturity,fiber toughness,fiber length uniformity and cotton field environment decreased in turn;Farmers’ cognition of pest control,scientific fertilization,water,water-saving irrigation technology and pesticide safe use technology of cotton decreased in turn;The impact of the number of technical training sessions on cotton quality and whether availability of technical training on cotton quality on farmers’ technical training has gradually decreased;Various technical variables,such as water-saving irrigation,pest control,safe use of pesticides and scientific fertilization,have gradually decreased the influence on the adoption behavior of cotton production technology of farmers.Fifthly,the current agricultural production and operation organization model in Xinjiang cotton area can be summarized as the following four types: cotton farmer+market organization model,cotton farmer+enterprise organization model,cotton farmer+cooperative+enterprise organization model and other types of cotton production organization model.Farmers in the study area mainly participate in the cotton farmer+market type of cotton production organization model,in which different cotton areas,size,cotton preference and quality awareness of farmers choose to participate in different the cotton production organization model,most farmers’ evaluation of various cotton production organization modes is mainly "satisfied".Whether or not farmers choose to participate in cotton production organization is restricted by many factors,among which the characteristics and policy cognition of farmers are the internal driving factors that affect their choice of cotton production organization mode and the degree of organization and the supply of agricultural socialized service as the external driving factors also affect the choice of farmers,but the farmers’ cognition of cotton fiber length uniformity has a prominent influence on the choice of cotton production organization mode.Based on the above conclusions,this study combined the current national policy situation and the development advantages of Xinjiang cotton industry and proposed some policy suggestions: Establishing quality guidance mechanism,implementing "Quality cotton",guiding cotton farmers in Xinjiang to carry out large-scale production,cultivating new professional cotton farmers,managing cotton fields with scientific approach,enhancing farmers’ cotton quality cognition level,optimizing farmers cotton production and promoting the improvement of cotton quality in Xinjiang. |
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