| Currently,China has become the country with the longest high-speed rails in the world,and further covers cities at different levels.With the gradual formation of China’s high-speed rail network,the interconnection and functional cooperation between cities are constantly strengthening,promoting the construction of a higher-level national unified market and fully tapping into the development potential of enterprises along the line.The Party Central Committee put forward that "China’s economy has shifted from a stage of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development".And improving total factor productivity is the key path to achieving high-quality development of the Chinese economy.Therefore,under the dual background of building a strong transportation country and high-quality economic development,investigating the effect of high-speed rail network on TFP has important theoretical significance and practical application value.Through a review of domestic and foreign literature,this article finds that scholars at home and abroad have conducted a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the economic effects of high-speed rail,urban networks and high-speed rail networks,TFP,transportation infrastructure construction and TFP,and have achieved rich research results in both theoretical and empirical aspects.However,there are still the following research shortcomings: firstly,current research on the economic effects of high-speed rail mainly focuses on the opening of high-speed rail,Moreover,the DID model is generally used to treat the indicators of high-speed rail opening as dummy variables,which fails to reflect the impact of the importance of node cities in the high-speed rail network on economic development.Secondly,current research on high-speed rail networks mainly focuses on technical identification and analysis of network topology and spatial pattern evolution from the perspective of economic geography,with very few studies examining the economic effects of high-speed rail networks.Thirdly,there is relatively little research on the relationship between high-speed rail networks and economic performance,especially a lack of research on the underlying mechanisms of network growth effects from micro,meso,and macro perspectives.Research on total factor productivity often emphasizes the mechanical connection between urban characteristics and growth,lacking in-depth exploration from the perspectives of agglomeration externalities and network externalities.Based on the shortcomings of existing literature,this article will use the complex network analysis method to calculate high-speed rail network nodes advantages.From the perspective of network location and network function,the article systematically analyzes the impact mechanism of high-speed rail network on total factor productivity,and gradually expands from the enterprise level to the industry level and further delves into the city level,gradually conducting empirical analysis of high-speed rail network on total factor productivity.The research in this article can be summarized as follows:Firstly,this article defines relevant concepts and briefly outlines the basic theories of this article,including regional economic growth theory,network related theory,and the theoretical evolution from agglomeration externalities to network externalities.In the theoretical analysis section of this article,firstly,the overall theoretical framework is proposed,and the overall mechanism of the impact of high-speed rail networks on total factor productivity mainly includes integration effects and synergistic effects.Secondly,this article explores the mechanism analysis of the effect of HSRN on TFP of enterprises from the perspectives of supply and demand.Then,the high-speed rail network was analyzed to enhance competition within the industry,promote division of labor and cooperation between industries,and thus affect the distribution of productivity within the industry.Finally,this article analyzes the mechanism of the effect of HSRN on urban TFP,including the local agglomeration economic effect of cities and the borrowing scale effect between cities.Secondly,at the level of current situation analysis,this article reveals the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of China’s high-speed rail network.This article first used Python web crawlers to obtain China’s railway timetable data from 2008 to2020.Using complex network analysis method,a weighted high-speed rail network model was constructed with high-speed rail operating frequency and high-speed rail travel time as weights.The structure and node indicators of the high-speed rail network were calculated using Ucinet and other softwares.Finally,the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the high-speed rail network structure,node centrality,and nodes advantages were described and analyzed.From the perspective of high-speed rail network structure,China’s high-speed rail network structure has shifted from an axial belt to a multi center network pattern.The network density is increasing year by year,the cohesion of the network structure is gradually increasing,the small world effect is becoming more and more significant,and the network connections have distinct spatial differences.From the node attributes of the high-speed rail network,the connectivity,accessibility,and transferability of node cities are significantly improving,and the nodes advantages are also increasing year by year.The interaction between cities is becoming closer,but the gap in nodes advantages between global,local,and peripheral cities is gradually widening.Cities have formed a multi center networked spatial structure through the high-speed rail network.Thirdly,the impact of high-speed rail network nodes advantages on the total factor productivity of enterprises.This article matches high-speed rail network nodes advantages with the database of Chinese A-share listed companies,and uses a two-way fixed effects model to examine the impact of high-speed rail network nodes advantages on the total factor productivity of local listed companies.Research has found that firstly,high-speed rail network nodes advantages will significantly promote the improvement of total factor productivity of local listed companies,and there will also be a dynamic impact process;Node cities with high connectivity and accessibility have a greater impact on the overall factor productivity of enterprises.Secondly,high-speed rail network nodes advantages are particularly evident in enhancing total factor productivity in central node cities,exchange intensive industries,market-oriented service industries,non-state-owned enterprises,and small-scale enterprises.Finally,mechanism testing shows that on the supply side,high-speed rail network nodes advantages enhance the total factor productivity of enterprises by promoting the agglomeration of human capital and alleviating financing constraints;On the demand side,high-speed rail network nodes advantages can enhance the total factor productivity of enterprises by expanding market potential.Fourthly,the impact of high-speed rail network nodes advantages on the distribution of productivity within the industry.This article matches high-speed rail network nodes advantages with the database of Chinese industrial enterprises,and uses a fixed effects model to examine whether high-speed rail network nodes advantages will affect the distribution of productivity within the industry.Firstly,this article calculated the productivity dispersion at the city quartile industry level and found that high-speed rail network nodes advantages significantly improved resource mismatch within the industry and between enterprises,thereby improving the production efficiency of the entire industry.Among them,the role of node city connectivity and transferability was more significant.Secondly,high-speed rail network nodes advantages are particularly evident in improving resource mismatch within local node cities,technology intensive industries,light industries,and regions with higher levels of marketization.Finally,within the industry,high-speed rail network nodes advantages have increased the level of competition within the industry and among enterprises,thereby alleviating the mismatch of resources within the industry;Among industries,high-speed rail network nodes advantages have promoted industrial division of labor and cooperation,thereby improving the degree of resource mismatch within the industry.Fifth,the impact of high-speed rail network nodes advantages on urban total factor productivity.This article uses economic data from Chinese cities to explore the relationship between high-speed rail network nodes advantages and urban total factor productivity.This study found that firstly,high-speed rail network nodes advantages significantly promote the improvement of urban total factor productivity,and node cities with high connectivity and transferability have a greater impact on the improvement of total factor productivity.Secondly,cities have formed a multi center networked spatial structure through high-speed rail networks,attracting production factors to gather in core cities.Therefore,high-speed rail network nodes advantages have differentiated impacts on productivity of different types of cities,especially for global node cities,urban clusters in the eastern region,large and medium-sized cities,and cities with economic endowments.Finally,mechanism testing indicates that within node cities,high-speed rail network nodes advantages bring about agglomeration economic effects,thereby improving the total factor productivity of the city;Between node cities,based on the geographic distance weight matrix and the high-speed rail network time distance weight matrix,the high-speed rail network nodes advantages bring about borrowing population size,borrowing economic performance,and borrowing advanced functions,thereby promoting the improvement of urban total factor productivity.In summary,this article integrates the high-speed rail network and total factor productivity into a unified analysis framework,and investigates the effect of the high-speed rail network on TFP layer by layer from the enterprise level,industry level,and city level.Finally,based on the research conclusions of this article,as well as the current situation of China’s high-speed rail network construction and the reality of China’s economic development,corresponding policy recommendations are proposed.In order to leverage the high-speed rail network to build a regional integrated urban network system,achieve complementary and cooperative urban network functions,enhance the urban network advantages of diversified production factors’ flow space,and accelerate the development of new quality productivity. |
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