Research On The Ethical Layout Of Residential Courtyards In The Qing Dynasty In The Context Of Etiquette Classics

Ancient residential courtyards were deeply influenced by etiquette culture in China.Etiquette classics were the guarantee for the development of ritual culture.They are important etiquette factors that affect and reflect the ethical layout of residential courtyards.Exploring the characteristics of residential courtyards layout from the perspective of etiquette classics is an important way to interpret the internal causes of courtyard ethical layout.Combining ancient etiquette classics with courtyard layout,the research focuses on the ethical layout of courtyards in the context of etiquette classics.Firstly,the research was carried out in combination with the evolution of ancient etiquette classics and the development of courtyards,and it was found that the development of etiquette classics and courtyards were compatible with each other.Etiquette classics affect the ethical layout of courtyards,courtyards provide physical space for etiquette culture.The argument is put forward: in the context of etiquette classics,the residential courtyard presents the ethical layout characteristics of "orderposition-direction-size".Secondly,Three etiquette classics namely,Qin Ding Da Qing Hui Dian(Qianlong),Da Qing Lü Li and Da Qing Tong Li,are selected as the research content.The specific contents include: the architectural rules and regulations,wedding and funeral and sacrificial ceremony of Prince and officer and common people.Then the historical residential courtyards of the three strata in Beijing are selected as the research objects.Then using the methods of courtyards structure analysis and drawing interpretation of etiquette process,the etiquette system of Qing Dynasty is illustrated in the historical courtyards of Beijing,and the demonstration of the ethical layout of the courtyards is carried out.The research conclusions are as follows: 1)The restriction of architectural rules and regulations and the conversion of time and space in the ritual process jointly present the courtyards ethical order.2)Taking the Tai Chi point(the main hall and it’s yard)of the courtyards as the center,the relative direction and position presents the hierarchical difference among the yards and the people.3)The difference of people’s strata and courtyard position determine the size of courtyard,which is to distinguish grades.It can be seen that the ethical layout of residential courtyard in the Qing Dynasty in the context of etiquette classics presents as: order-positiondirection-size.In addition,the following conclusions also are drawn: 1)There are many inconsistencies between the architectural rules and regulations and the layout of the remains courtyards,which reflect the historical facts such as overstepping the system,the change of the courtyards owners,restrictions on land size and original courtyards layout.2)The types of courtyards space in the evolution of etiquette classics reflect the historical stagnation as well as the innovation.There are many differences between the courtyards space types presented in the etiquette classics and the remains courtyards,which reflects the historical evolution of the courtyards layout and space types.The research on the ethical layout of courtyards in the context of etiquette classics reveals the hidden relationship between the layout of courtyards and the etiquette culture.It opens up a new perspective of ancient courtyards study.Under the context of "strengthening cultural self-confidence,inheriting and carrying forward excellent traditional Chinese culture",it can promote the inheritance of traditional etiquette culture and courtyard culture.It provides a cultural basis for the protective and reuse of historical courtyards in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.