| Under the multiple background of energy crisis,environmental pollution,urban congestion and sub-health of citizens,traffic problems should consider a series of problems such as urban congestion,efficiency,energy,and environment.Cars have high per capita energy consumption,emissions and resource occupancy rate;public transport system can not provide‘point to point’services;bicycle is regarded as an important green transportation mode with its advantages of low-carbon,fitness,energy saving,convenience and flexibility.It has attracted more and more attention.In order to increase bicycle use,it has attracted urban and transportation planning scholars and policy makers to the question “What policy measures could promote bicycle use?” Foreign research about this question has shifted from feature analysis to mechanism exploration of bicycle travel behavior.Most domestic scholars’ study on bicycle travel behavior is still based on the statistical analysis of characteristics and only a few literatures have studied the relationship between bicycle travel behavior and built environment at the micro level.However,design and planning of the built environment in existing research is still extensive,and there is a lack of differentiated built environment strategies for diversified needs.In addition,travel characteristics and socio-economic factors also affect bicycle travel behavior.The different influence of these factors might lead to different impact of the built environment on travel behavior(that is,the heterogeneity of characteristics defined in this dissertation).Based on the theoretical of,this dissertation is based on the subdivision of travel factors and characteristics(i.e.,travel group,travel demand,travel space,etc.)to study the relationship between the built environment and bicycle travel behavior.On the one hand,group heterogeneity of individual and the difference travel purpose,and the response of the built environment planning interventions are studied.On the other hand,the spatio-temporal heterogeneity and the intervention measures’ of built environment are explored.Using the 2018residents’ cycling survey data and facility network data in Xianyang,China,this dissertation systematically discusses the influence of built environment on bicycle travel behavior under different elements and characteristics from three-level analysis units,that is micro-individual,meso-family and macro-traffic zones.This dissertation could better provide a theoretical and empirical basis for the planning,design,management and policy making of bicycle travel environment.This dissertation focuses on the following four parts:(1)The influence of group heterogeneity on bicycle use intention is explored by structural equation model.Taking the individual as the research unit,three variables,purchase decision involvement,customer participation and perceived value are introduced based on the consumer behavior psychology.To explore the causal mechanism between psychological behavior variables such as traveler’s personal values,community influence,travel preferences,travel habits,perceived built environment cyclability and cycling environment safety and bicycle use intention.On this basis,the samples are grouped according to the individual attributes,then the group variables are tested to provide theoretical support for the formulation of differentiated policies.(2)The travel-purpose heterogeneous impacts on bicycle choice behavior are modelled.Taking the individual as the research unit,bicycle choice behavior models of binomial Logistics regression,Random Forests,Gradient Boosting Decision Tree and Extreme Gradient Decision Tree are constructed respectively while considering the multi-dimensional characteristic variables of the attributes about the individuals,families,travel and built environment.It is found that the XGBoost performed best in predicting bicycle choice behavior.Furthermore,the XGBoost is used to analyze bicycle choice behavior of commuting and non-commuting trips.The XGBoost explained the influence of main features on the bicycle choice behavior by the feature importance,partial dependence graph and SHAP value,and the model results could provide more practical policy measures to meet diversified travel needs.(3)The impacts of household heterogeneity on bicycle use intensity are modelled.Taking the family as the research unit,the per capita bicycle travel intensity of the family is explored by by a multi-linear model ignoring spatial heterogeneity and a multi-level linear model considering spatial heterogeneity,respectively.,using the data about family,built environment as well as the nested structure relationship of family-traffic zone data,The results of the two models explored the explanatory variables and their cross-layer interactions at the family and traffic zone levels,and revealed the role of the built environment in the traffic zone to improve the accuracy of the bicycle trip prediction model.(4)The spatial-temporal heterogeneous impacts of bicycle travel frequency in traffic zones are modelled.Taking the traffic zone as the research unit,the ordinary least squares regression model,Geographically weighted regression model and Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression are constructed respectively based on the exploratory spatial-temporal analysis of bicycle travel frequency in the traffic zone.The results show that the GTWR model performed better in explanatory power and accuracy.The GTWR model was also selected to analyze the spatio-temporal effects of single factors such as land use and socio-economic attributes on bicycle travel frequency.This dissertation jumps out of the limitations of single factor influence,the geographical detector method is employed to explore the driving mechanism of the dominant factors of the built environment in cold and hot areas and the interaction effect of the two factors on the frequency of bicycle trave.It provides technical support for the differentiated allocation strategy of urban infrastructure and public service facilities. |
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