| The Mongolian yurt,a traditional wooden structure dwelling of nomadic people,is a representative of the original architectural form of nomadic civilization.The Mongolian yurt was formed under the influence of nomadic culture and natural environmental conditions,and it has distinct regional wooden structural features.The architecture of the Mongolian yurt has continued to this day,with typical ethnic folk characteristics in its form and scientific and mathematical technical features in its structure and material application.This article focuses on the unique wooden structure technology of the traditional Mongolian yurt,using a combination of literature and field research methods.The study obtained detailed physical samples and image data through field investigation methods,and analyzed the types and current applications of traditional Mongolian yurts in Inner Mongolia and Mongolia using literature analysis methods from the perspectives of history,architectural culture,and folklore.The finite element method was applied to create a digital model of the Mongolian yurt,and static and multiple load simulations of the structure were conducted.The mechanical performance of the Mongolian yurt structure was tested under three typical working conditions.Finally,based on the aforementioned research,innovative approaches and strategies for Mongolian yurt architecture were proposed.The main research conclusions include:1.The cultural and folk ethnic characteristics of Mongolian yurt architecture were formed.The Mongolian yurt has developed from ancient times,the Liao Dynasty,the Song and Yuan Dynasties,the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the present day,andits "mobility" that adapts to nomadic life and production has gradually weakened.The Mongolian yurt is mainly distributed in the cultural areas of nomadic ethnic groups represented by the Mongolian nationality in East Asia,Central Asia,and West Asia.Its folklore connotation mainly includes symbolism,timekeeping,ethnic folk art,and ethnic beliefs.The structure of the Mongolian yurt has undergone eight stages of evolution from its formation,development,and formation,including a simple wooden support structure,a wooden support structure with a horizontal wooden circle added to the top,a combination of a folded cone-shaped wooden support structure with circular horizontal wood at the top and middle,a combination of a simple wall structure and upper support structure,a combination of a denser wall structure formed by orderly crossed wooden poles and a slightly curved densely packed wooden pole support structure,a combination of a support wall structure formed by orderly crossed wooden poles and longer wooden pole supports,a combination of a support wall structure formed by orderly crossed wooden poles and top wooden poles gathered in a curved and straight manner,and a combination of a support wall structure formed by orderly crossed wooden poles and straight wooden poles gathered towards the skylight structure.The formation of the Mongolian yurt has multiple factors,and its ethnic fusion characteristics are more prominent,mainly reflected in the shape,material,structure,and craftsmanship of the Mongolian yurt.2.The structural characteristics of Mongolian yurt architecture were formed.The organizational structure ofthe Mongolian yurt is divided into three categories: wooden frame structure,covering and fence structure,and tying structure.The wooden frame structure is further divided into five parts,namely,the skylight,top pole,wall,door,and central support column,from top to bottom.The structural composition and component characteristics of these five parts were analyzed based on the size,structure,and spatial pattern of the Mongolian yurt,explaining the construction form of the Mongolian yurt.According to the shape and structure of the Mongolian yurt,its structure is a combination of rigid and flexible structures with elastic size variable characteristics.The rigid structure is at the top,while the flexible structure is at the bottom,and the structure has strong environmental adaptability.Based on the mathematical theory of the golden ratio,the mathematical and geometric proportional analysis of the Mongolian yurt structure was explained and summarized,including the fact that the ratio of the long and short sides of the unfolded single wall(Hana)structure of the Mongolian yurt is approximately 0.618:1,and the aspect ratio of the Mongolian yurt’s overall shape is close to the proportion of the golden rectangle.Based on this mathematical size foundation,the cone-shaped roof structure and cylindrical body structure of the Mongolian yurt are combined to form a stable geometric proportion.This geometric form not only evenly distributes the internal and external loads of the Mongolian yurt,making the structure more stable,but alsocreates a harmonious and beautiful aesthetic.3.The material characteristics of Mongolian yurt architecture were formed.The materials used in Mongolian yurt construction are mainly wood,felt,and animal skins.The wooden structure of the Mongolian yurt is composed of a large number of interlaced and mutually supported wooden poles,which have a strong load-bearing capacity and can withstand the impact of wind,snow,and other harsh weather.The use of felt and animal skins as coverings has good thermal insulation properties,effectively keeping warm in cold and harsh environments.The combination of these materials creates a comfortable living environment for nomadic people,and also reflects the natural and ecological characteristics of the Mongolian yurt.4.Proposed the inheritance approach and strategies of Mongolian yurt architecture.As a typical regional dwelling,Mongolian yurt architecture has historical value,cultural value,artistic value,and economic value.Based on the research of the prototype of Mongolian yurt wooden structure architecture,combined with traditional Mongolian yurt assembly techniques,modern wood industry technology,and modern lightweight building theory,we optimized and transformed the structure and created a design proposal for an assembly-style Mongolian yurt that integrates five structural innovation methods: reducing the number of top poles,adding a curved quick-assembly circle beam at the top,quick-assembly continuous fence structure,adding side poles,and increasing quick-assembly auxiliary connectors.The innovation of wooden structure Mongolian yurt architecture is a main method for the inheritance and transformation of traditional Mongolian yurt architecture.This method is conducive to the restoration of grassland ecology,in line with local economic development policies,and conforms to the theme of the integration of regional culture and modern technology.The innovative practice of the Mongolian yurt has important value and guiding significance for building a modern low-carbon society.Its innovative practice can not only reduce the use of building materials and improve the utilization rate of wood resources,but also make a positive contribution to China’s achievement of global carbon neutrality goals.It can also promote cultural diversity and the protection of traditional culture,and enable the wonderful architectural forms in ethnic traditional culture to achieve sustainable development. |
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