Study On The Restorative Effects Of Urban And Rural Blue-green Spaces Based On Perception Of Environmental Characteristics

The National Rural Revitalization Strategy and Park City construction pay more attention to public health,which puts forward new requirements for realizing an excellent high-quality living environment in both urban and rural areas.Urban and rural natural environment is closely related to the health level of people.Exposure to both green and blue space has a positive effect on people’s health recovery.In addition,the characteristics of natural environments also affect restoration to varying degrees,but there are few studies that integrate element characteristics,spatial characteristics and restorative effects at the same time.Therefore,this paper took urban and rural blue-green space as the research object,based on literature review,field investigation,questionnaire survey,conjoint analysis,field experiment,model construction and other research methods,the four problems of how to establish the process of the environmental characteristics of blue-green spaces affecting the restorative effects from the perspective of perception,what are the key elements to evaluate the environmental characteristics of urban and rural blue-green spaces,whether there are differences in the impact of urban and rural blue-green space types and environmental characteristics on the restorative effects,and whether the quantitative relationship between environmental characteristics and restoration can be clarified through model construction,were analyzed and studied.This paper provided a scientific basis for the construction and improvement of urban and rural restorative environments.The results are as follows:(1)A theoretical framework of blue-green space restoration based on environmental characteristic perception was proposed.By sorting out the theories related to environmental perception and restorative environments,combining with the research on environmental characteristics and space types that affect the restorative effects and using the psychological processing process of people to the environment in environmental psychology,this paper explained the interaction between the environmental characteristics of blue-green spaces and the restorative effects from the four processes of sensation,perception,cognition and restoration and established the corresponding attribute index for each process,so as to form the theoretical framework of the influence of blue-green space environmental characteristics on the restorative effects.(2)The perception evaluation system of environmental characteristics in urban and rural blue-green spaces was established.Through the extraction,evaluation and screening of the audio and visual elements of urban and rural blue-green space,4-5 visual key elements(urban blue-green spaces including water body,shrubs,maintenance and trees;raural blue-green spaces including woodland,farmland,water body,residence and road)and 5 auditory key elements of urban and rural blue-green spaces(insect sounds,birdsong,leaf sounds,rice-wheat sounds,and water sounds)were identified by using the conjoint analysis and regression analysis.Combing and quantifying the key audio and visual elements of urban and rural blue-green spaces,the audio-visual perception evaluation index which contains six visual element characteristics and four auditory element characteristics was established.Combined with 8 kinds of environmental quality characteristic indexes(PSDs),the perception evaluation system of environmental characteristics in urban and rural blue-green spaces was constructed(each type of bluegreen space included 33 visual element characteristic indicators,20 auditory element characteristic indicators and 8 spatial characteristic indicators).(3)The restorative differences of blue-green space types and their environmental characteristics were analyzed.By field measurement of physiological and psychological indicators,and using Paired-T test and one-way ANOVA method,it was found that both urban and rural blue-green spaces had significant effects on the restoration of people’s blood pressure and emotional state,but the restorative perception of people in rural bluegreen space was significantly higher than that in urban blue-green space.Based on the perception evaluation data of environment characteristics of urban and rural blue-green spaces,and using the correlation analysis and regression analysis method,it was found that the visual element characteristics of urban blue-green space with restorative effect focued on the sense of natural quality(such as trees and shrubs with natural configuration,roads with natural material texture,water bodies with good quality,lawns with high use and landscape sketches with good coordination with the environment),while the rural visual element characteristics that can bring a sense of experience richness were more restorative(such as trees and shrubs with rich species,roads with various forms,waterside plants with high coverage,and farmland and buildings with rich colors).The preference of leaf sounds,birdsong and insect sound are three auditory element characteristic indexes that simultaneously affected the restoration of urban and rural bluegreen space,but the harmony degree of water sound,birdsong and insect sound should also be emphasized in rural blue-green space.In addition,urban and rural blue-green spaces with restorative effect should have three spatial characteristics:Serene,Nature,Rich in Species,while urban blue-green spaces should also pay attention to Refuge,while rural blue-green spaces should emphasize Social.(4)Urban and rural blue-green spaces with different restorative features were constructed.Factor analysis and regression analysis were used to construct the evaluation model of urban and rural blue-green space restorative environments based on five PRS dimensions of restorative perception[Being-away(urban areas:Vbeing-away=∑i=1n wivi-0.591 and rural areas:Vbeing-away=∑i=1n wivi+0.464);Extent(urban areas:Vextent=∑i=1n wivi-0.999 and rural areas:Vextent=∑i=1n wivi+0.492);Fascination(urban areas:Vfascination=∑i=1n wivi-1.605 and rural areas:Vfascination=∑i=1n wivi+0.710);Compatibility(urban areas:Vcompatibility=∑i=1n wivi-0.498 and rural areas:Vcompatibility=∑i=1n wivi+0.015);PRS(urban areas:VPRS=∑i=1n wivi-0.821 and rural areas:VPRS=∑i=1n wivi+1.187)].Additionally,five construction strategies were put forward,such as shaping the restorative space with Being-away feature basded on waterscape as the experience core,creating the restorative space with Extent feature by vegetation connecting the overall environment,building the Fascination feature with natural characteristics as the attraction,expanding the restorative space with Compatibility feature supported by multiple choices,and strengthening the integrated restoration space with waterway dependence as the tour line.Finally,according to the two types of blue-green space in urban and rural areas,10 types of bluegreen space models with different restorative characteristics were constructed.