Study On Government Policy Guidance Mechanisms And Optimization Strategies Based On Production Decisions Of Electric Vehicle Enterprises

At present,the integration of automobile and energy,transportation,information,and communication fields is accelerating,the electric,intelligent and networked trend is starting,and the century-old automobile industry is facing an unprecedented change.The central and local governments have long adhered to the pure electric drive strategy and launched "allaround and multi-level" support measures for the new energy vehicle industry.The development of China’s new energy vehicle industry has made remarkable achievements.It has certain first-mover advantages and scale advantages.As the world’s largest new energy vehicle market,the study of vehicle operation management and policy in the Chinese market is rapidly becoming one of the frontiers and hot spots in transportation economics and management research.Among them,the government’s compound traction policy and consumers’ environmental awareness have received much attention because of their prominent role in new energy vehicle adoption intentions and decisions.However,little literature has been conducted to systematically consider the impact of compound policies and consumer environmental awareness from the perspective of vehicle enterprises and governmental decision-making and provide policy optimization suggestions.Therefore,this study will take the traditional production decisions of vehicle enterprises as the entry point,and consider China’s complex traction policy system with fiscal and taxation-oriented policies,market and promotional policies,and the multidimensional heterogeneity of consumers,and focus on the pricing,channel and timing decisions of vehicle enterprises,complex policy traction mechanisms,and policy optimization and coordination strategies.Specifically,the main findings of this study include.First,based on game theory and optimization theory,and considering the critical influence of environmental awareness on consumer adoption of EVs,this study establishes a static model of production decisions of traditional and electric vehicle enterprises in the context of dual-channel and environmental awareness heterogeneity,and quantitatively investigates the effects of environmental awareness on optimal pricing,subsidy effects,and social welfare levels of EVs in different sales channels.The results show that the positive effect of subsidies and environmental awareness on the profitability of unit vehicles may not ultimately promote the diffusion of EVs but may cause monopolistic car companies to strategically adjust their pricing strategies and hinder the development of the industry.Moreover,the subsidy effect does not increase monotonically with subsidies.It becomes significant only when the subsidies exceed a critical level.In practice,the government must be aware that the pricing strategies of monopolies may be detrimental to the effective achievement of policy objectives.Therefore,the government needs to regulate the pricing strategies of monopolies and dynamically adjust the subsidy levels according to consumers’ environmental awareness to maximize the EV scale’s contribution to the transportation economy.Second,by extending the monopoly market in the benchmark model to the competitive market,the subsidy policy to the compound policy led by the dual-credit policy,the static perspective to the dynamic perspective,and the single-parameter production decision to the combined multi-parameter decision,this study further develops the production decision model in the competitive context and the electrification timing decision model of traditional automakers.We develop a genetic algorithm to solve the combined optimization results and provide quantitative policy optimization suggestions to the government based on the decision results.The results show that the government can increase both social welfare and consumer surplus through subsidy policies in most cases.However,non-fiscal policies,such as environmental awareness guidance,may not always be mutually reinforcing with fiscal policies in influencing the development of the electric vehicle industry and may even cancel each other out.The government should flexibly adjust the subsidy level according to consumers’ environmental awareness while actively modifying the existing subsidy policy by raising the subsidy threshold,such as by setting new energy vehicle sales or emission targets for automakers.Meanwhile,it can also introduce tiered subsidy policies,such as those based on carbon credits and vehicle sales,to balance these incentives to avoid causing an excessive low-carbon premium and a decline in market share.In addition,the simulation results of the timing model confirm the significant effects of the dual-credit policy and the composite policy on the timing of industrial transformation,the market size of electric vehicles,and the R&D investment of enterprises.The effect of the fuel economy criterion is generally more significant than that of the new energy vehicle share criterion.However,the continued tightening of policies may not always be beneficial to accelerate industrial transformation.The findings of this study can provide the government with suggestions and implementation plans for revising the dual-credit policy parameters to coordinate high-speed and high-quality development traction in the transportation industry.Finally,based on the above models and findings,this study also focuses on the charging infrastructure construction decisions that accompany the development of electric vehicles.Specifically,we develop a total net present value model from a whole life cycle perspective to determine the decision boundary for investing in transportation infrastructure construction and explain the current development dilemma of supporting transportation infrastructure that constrains the promotion of electric vehicles through a cost-benefit analysis of the first domestic photovoltaic highway in Shandong.The results show that high energy prices bring excellent investment value to the construction of charging facilities early in the decisionmaking process,offsetting the cost-saving effect of waiting and effectively promoting infrastructure investment.However,in some areas where energy use costs are high,rapid reductions in the cost or increased scale of electric vehicles may hurt them.This study helps the government understand the dual impact role of energy prices on the electrification of the transportation industry and understand the pain points that constrain infrastructure construction from the economic level and can give practical value to transportation industry planning suggestions under the dual objectives of green ecological civilization construction and transportation industry economic development.