Research On Site Planning And Path Optimazation Of Electric Vehicle Charging And Battery Swapping Station

With the rapid development of the automobile industry,the environmental problems caused by exhaust emissions are becoming more and more serious.Electric vehicles use electricity as the power source,which has the advantages of being clean and environmentally friendly,and considered to be a promising method to solve environmental pollution.At present,my country’s new energy vehicle market is booming,and it is expected to reach 21 million in 2025 and 65 million in 2030.In the 2020 government work report,China clearly proposed to "increase facilities such as charging piles and power exchange stations",which not only shows the current problem of mismatch between vehicles and piles in my country,but also shows that in the future,the construction of charging piles and the promotion of the power exchange model have already been carried out.became the industry consensus.Therefore,in terms of development trends,charging and battery swapping in the future cannot be developed in a single line,and must complement each other.However,on the one hand,there are charging and swapping facilities that are still being expanded,but the number is still stretched;Low,poor customer perception and other issues.The increasing energy supply demand of electric vehicle users,limited charging and swapping facilities,and low facility utilization have become one of the main problems restricting the development of the electric vehicle industry.Therefore,effectively improving the utilization rate of energy supply facilities and thereby improving the energy supply efficiency of electric vehicles is crucial to improving customer perception and industry development.At present,the research direction of improving the utilization efficiency of energy supply facilities mainly lies in planning more reasonable charging station locations and recommending more reasonable energy supply paths for vehicle owners when vehicles need energy supply.By summarizing and sorting out existing research,it is found that most of the current scholars mainly focus on the location selection of charging stations or swapping stations and the planning and optimization of energy supply paths,and do not organically link charging facilities and power swapping facilities.Taking into account the development trend of electric vehicles in the future,this study takes the two modes of coordinating charging and battery swapping as the starting point,and comprehensively considering factors such as the dynamics of energy supply,the randomness of the road network,and the diversity of demand,respectively,to establish charging,The site selection planning model of the swap station,the energy supply path optimization model for electric vehicles,and the energy supply path optimization model for long-distance scenarios are proposed.The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed models are verified by simulation.The main research conclusions and results are as follows.First,covering more energy supply needs does not mean that more energy supply facilities must be built.By optimizing the level and layout of charging and swapping stations,more electric power can be met with the same investment and operating costs.The energy supply demands of car owners also maximize the investment income of energy supply facility operators.The location problem of charging and swapping facilities involves not only construction costs,operating costs,charging costs,travel costs,and waiting costs,but also customer satisfaction with energy supply services.It is a multi-objective,nonlinear combinatorial optimization problem.Fully considering the difference between charging and battery swapping vehicles,a joint planning and site selection model for charging and battery swapping facilities is constructed with the goal of minimizing the sum of construction and operating costs,user costs,and the penalty cost based on the satisfaction of electric vehicle owners.,which can provide a reference for the optimization of location selection of charging and battery swap facilities at different levels under different charging modes.In addition,in order to solve this model,an improved genetic algorithm is designed and constructed,which can dynamically change the crossover and mutation rate according to the population fitness value,and can memorize and transmit excellent genes with a high probability.It improves the computational efficiency and provides a new method for solving such complex optimization problems.Second,electric vehicles have special driving characteristics and energy supply characteristics.The driving behavior of electric vehicles and road network traffic conditions interact with each other,which verifies that the path optimization algorithm based on real-time road network information can make better choices for electric vehicle owners.On the one hand,it reduces the impact of electric vehicles on the transportation network during energy supply,and reduces the mileage anxiety caused by insufficient battery life to electric vehicle users.Based on the real-time road network conditions,a comprehensive evaluation of electric vehicle battery capacity,energy supply demand,driving dynamics and other information is conducted,and a combined path optimization of electric vehicle charging and battery swapping is constructed that fully considers travel time,energy supply site conditions and detour indices.The model is solved by the adaptive A*algorithm based on hierarchical programming.The simulation results show that the path optimization algorithm can not only select the optimal energy supply site,plan the corresponding path,and balance the number of electric vehicles at each energy supply site in the road network,but also can shorten the overall travel time,alleviate the need for vehicles near the charging station and the replacement station.Congestion caused by aggregation,and then achieve the purpose of improving the operation efficiency of charging and power exchange sites;in addition,through the improved algorithm,the model can be efficiently solved according to the real-time changes of the road network,improve the search efficiency,reduce the calculation time,and then supply energy for car owners.Site selection and route optimization solutions provide reference.Third,the highway is not only an important scene for electric vehicles to travel,but also the scene that is most likely to be criticized by electric vehicle owners for insufficient cruising range and inconvenient energy supply.Based on the real-time information interaction between vehicles and energy supply stations,it is verified by simulation that the route optimization method based on the "vehicle-station" collaborative mode in high-speed scenarios can effectively reduce the average waiting time of vehicle owners and improve vehicle owners’satisfaction.Considering the driving characteristics of expressways and refilling and changing vehicles in the long-distance travel scenario,a station collaborative path optimization model with the goal of minimizing the overall consumption time(including vehicle travel time,vehicle energy supply waiting time,vehicle energy supply time,etc.)is constructed.In addition,an improved differential algorithm is constructed,which can effectively improve the convergence speed and reduce the calculation time by adding two mutations.The simulation results show that the station coordination scheme can effectively optimize the vehicle distribution among the energy supply stations on the expressway,improve the energy supply efficiency of individual vehicles,and minimize the waiting time of vehicle energy supply to an ideal level.