| To meet the convenient travel demand of residents in the city and metropolitan area and promote the balanced development of the city,major cities in China have begun to plan and build regional rapid rail transit system(RRRT for short)in recent years.The existing urban rail transit generally adopts the "all stations stop" operation mode,which makes low travel speed,long travel time,service homogeneity etc.,and cannot meet the differentiated travel demand of residents.Thus,running express and local trains according to the characteristics of long-distance and short-distance passenger flow has gradually become the development trend of regional rapid rail transit operation.Under the express/local train mixed operation mode,the utilization of line carrying capacity,the selection and layout of overtaking stations,the planning of operational scheme etc.,presents new characteristics.Therefore,the methods designed for the existing urban rail transit with "all stations stop" operation mode cannot be used.In addition,only a few stations have overtaking tracks in the regional rapid rail transit,which is obviously different from the high-speed and ordinary speed railway in physical conditions.Under the express/local train mixed operation mode,how to calculate the line carrying capacity according to the actual conditions,how to determine the location of overtaking stations and design the train operation scheme,these problems have become the difficulties that need to be solved urgently in the regional rapid rail transit operation.Meanwhile,there are many shortcomings in the existing related studies in terms of comprehensiveness of considerations,applicability of assumptions and systematization of theories and methods,which have not yet formed a theoretical and methodological system to support the design of mixed operation of express and local trains in domestic urban railway field.Therefore,based on the existing research,this paper comprehensively considers the characteristics of passenger flow,the number of express/local trains,dwelling time,tracking interval,the location of express train stop and overtaking station,station track layout,etc.,this paper establishes the operation organization framework under the express/local train mixed operation mode,and proposed theory and method for line carrying capacity calculation,overtaking station setting,operation scheme formulation,train diagram drawing and so on.The main research work includes:(1)Research on the operation organization theoretical framework of express/local train mixed operation mode.Analyzes the characteristics of regional rapid rail transit passenger flow and rail lines,analyzes the operation modes suitable for different passenger flow characteristics,and summarizes the theoretical basis of running express and local trains.Propose the speed efficiency concept of regional rapid rail transit,the calculation method of speed efficiency and analyze the relationships among travel speed,speed efficiency,and station interval.Also,analyze the influencing factors of line capacity,express train stop scheme,and the methods of overtaking station selection.Establishes the theoretical framework of regional rapid rail transit express/local train mixed operation from the perspective of passenger demand and transportation capacity coordination.(2)Propose a line carrying capacity calculation method for express/local train mixed operation mode.According to the two operation modes of following(without overtaking station)and overtaking(with overtaking station),a universal line-capacity calculation method of which can be adapt to different rail line conditions and operation schemes is proposed under consideration of the factors such as the ratio of express and local trains,the location of overtaking stations,and the plan of express train stop scheme.The experiments analysis shows that: The line capacity reaches the minimum when the ratio of express and local trains is equal,and the line capacity under overtaking mode and following mode is 14 trains/h and 15 trains/h respectively.Under overtaking mode,the maximum line capacity is 28 trains/h,and the capacity decreases gradually with the increase of the number of express trains.Under following mode,the maximum line capacity of the two operation schemes dominated by local train and express train is 27trains/h and 26 trains/h respectively,and the capacity of the operation scheme dominated by local train is greater than that of the operation scheme dominated by express train.(3)Propose an overtaking station selection method for express/local train mixed operation mode.Based on the comprehensive consideration of passenger flow,the number of express/local trains,the departure interval of trains,the number of express train stops,the dwell time of express/local trains,the speed difference of express/local trains and the influence of various time intervals,and according to the train diagram structure reasoning,this paper puts forward the conditions for overtaking,and the model for overtaking station selection.The universal formula of overtaking station selection and the method for calculating the position of overtaking stations with known passing capacity,ratio of express and local trains,and interval between express/local trains are constructed.And a selection rules based heuristic algorithm is designed for overtaking station selection.On this basis,an empirical analysis with an actual line is proposed,the influencing factors of overtaking station selection is analyzed,and formed a regular conclusion: The selection of the first overtaking stations is independence with ratio of express/local trains and the capacity of section blocks.The location of the first overtaking station shows a monotonous increasing trend with the increase of train interval.With the increase of the number of express trains,the interval between two overtaking stations gradually decreases,and the setting of overtaking stations tends to be closer.With the increase of line capacity,the interval between adjacent overtaking stations becomes smaller,and until all stations are set as overtaking stations to achieve the maximum carrying capacity.The proposed method can provide theoretical support for the selection and design of overtaking stations during the design and operation of regional rapid rail transit.(4)Research on the regional rapid rail transit operation scheme design model.With considering the basic conditions of the rail lines,passenger demand,line carrying capacity,number of express/local train running,overtaking station setting,coupling relationship between train flow and passenger flow,speed efficiency of trains and the level of service for passengers,and taking the minimum temporal and spatial generalized cost of the train and passengers as the optimization goal,establish the train operation scheme compilation model under the express/local train mixed operation mode.The cooperative behaviors such as train overtaking and passenger transfer between platforms are described by using spatial-temporal network model.To improve the efficiency of model solving,a Lagrange relaxation(LR)algorithm is used to decompose the large-scale problem into independent subproblems.Independent subproblems can be solved with higher speed and accuracy than large-scale problem,and based on decomposing the problem,the lower bound and upper bound are iteratively optimized by dynamic programming(DP)and heuristic algorithm(HA)to improve the practicability of the model.The calculation result shows that the proposed model is effective and better than the existing commercial software in calculation efficiency.(5)A case study is carried out on a regional rapid rail transit line R1.The effectiveness of the theories and methods proposed is comprehensively applied and verified,and the design process of express/local train operation is completely realized.In short,the research results of this paper can provide theoretical and methodological support for the planning,design,and operation management of express/local train organization.This paper includes 97 figures,47 tables and 126 references. |
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