Research On The Restoration Of Tianjin Coastal Wetland Landscape Ecosystem Based On Avian And Habitats

Wetland ecosystem is one of the three natural ecosystems on the earth,with the characteristics of both terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem.With irreplaceable value,it supplies multiple ecosystem services,and also provide habitats for various biota.However,due to the high-speed urban construction,natural environment has been damaged,wetland degradation and area decline were exacerbated.It has been hot-spot issue of improving health and sustainable degree and biodiversity of ecosystem.Since avian is sensible to the change of living environment,and it ranks at the top of food chain,so avian distribution and abundance is useful index in judging the health of environment and the richness of other species.This research trying to expand the implication of wetland ecological restoration considering with landscape ecology and planning aiming at improving biodiversity and restoring damaged wetland ecosystem,via creating or restoring suitable birds’ habitats.Dahuangpu Wetland,Beidagang Wetland Reserve,and Guangang Forest Park in Tianjin were selected as reference sites,Qilihai Ancient Lagoon Wetland was chosen as validation site.Bird abundance and environment variables of different typed of habitats in the four sites were surveyed and analyzed.Lasso regression analysis was conducted to build the models to show the relationship between significant environment variables and bird abundance,which showed that Shannon-Wiener vegetation diversity index,Horizontal patchiness,and Human disturbance have important influence both on Guild Richness and Patrick Richness,area was only significant to Guild richness.Using the models and dependence variables in the validation site,two avian richness indices could be achieved,and their prediction function were also confirmed by comparing predicting values and actual valued.Depending on the relationship between significant environment variables and bird abundance,along with birds’ preference habitats,the quality and characteristic of different kinds of habitats in validation site were analyzed from three scales,i.e.ecosystem,patch,and micro-habitats,accordingly restoring or creating strategies were also proposed.Habitat range of different resident of birds were discussed in ecosystem level.In patch level,dredging each patch,and promote edge effect and vegetation abundance should be conducted on the patch with large area and simple vegetation community structure,like reed marsh and salt marsh,etc.Shallows and bird islands should be created,open water and green belt should be enlarged.In micro-habitat level,creating and designing plans of shallow water,deep-water,island,revetment,and the edge area of reed marsh and salt marsh were made.Besides,implication of the research outcomes on different scale was discussed.According to the research and literature review,detailed procedures of wetland restoration were also concluded.Wetland restoration was a long-time,dynamic program and also need continuous improvement,so monitoring and management should also be important parts,strategies should be modified based on environmental conditions to manage restoration work in an effective way.