Study On The Design Elements Of Shopping Centers In Guangzhou Metro Stations From A Multidimensional Perspective

Since the 21 st century,China’s urbanization has entered a period of rapid development,and the rapid expansion of cities has brought a series of urban problems,such as traffic congestion,noise pollution,environmental damage,and excessive energy consumption.In order to build a new type of intensive city,China has established a public transportationoriented urbanization development policy,and the subway as the backbone of urban public transportation system has been elevated to the most central position.The development of urban metro has increasingly changed the basic appearance of the city,and the development of shopping centers in metro stations has become the key to the construction of public transportation-oriented cities.The combination of metro and shopping complexes not only enhances the economic impact of the city,but also changes the way of life of its inhabitants.The future of the subway station mall is no longer a shopping mall with a variety of functions,but a transportation hub for the urban area and a center of cultural activities for the city’s residents.The study of subway shopping centers has become a core issue in the field of architecture and urban planning.This paper argues that subway station shopping centers are a type of public building with a high degree of complexity,and therefore adopts a multidimensional research perspective to systematically study the design elements of subway station shopping centers.The research perspectives are city perspective,building perspective and user perspective,which correspond to the three parts of this paper.The division of the research perspectives is based on two aspects,one is the division of the spatial dimension and the other is the division of the research object dimension,the spatial dimension is divided into urban scale and architectural scale,and the research object is divided into the object station area shopping center and the main user.The first part of the study from the urban perspective,mainly from the macro level of the city to study the interrelationship between the metro station area shopping center and the surrounding city,based on the TOD theory to define the urban influence of the station area shopping center as the shopping center station area.Based on Arch GIS platform and spatial syntax theory,we analyzed the spatial elements of shopping mall station areas in Guangzhou and Hong Kong,and explored the spatial integration,comprehensibility and spatial uniformity of 10 sample shopping mall station areas.The spatial elements of the sample sites were analyzed along with the spatial distribution of the sample sites.Finally,the observation method and big data collection were used to investigate the metro passenger flow and the gathering degree of pedestrian flow in the station domain,and the explanatory model of the distribution of pedestrian flow in the station domain was given by combining Baidu heat map and geographic information platform.The study shows that there is a problem of poor synergy between Guangzhou metro station area shopping centers and their station area cities,and the adaptation of station area cities and shopping centers is needed.The second part of the study,from the architectural perspective,focuses on the interrelationship of subsystems within the metro station area shopping center from the mesoscopic level of the building monolith.The first part analyzes the types of subway station shopping centers from the overall perspective of system theory,and then discusses the integration of spatial and functional elements within the subway station shopping center system.Finally,the spatial structure of the interior of the subway station area shopping centers in Guangzhou was analyzed through a spatial syntactic model,and indicators such as axis integration,spatial depth,and line of sight integration were investigated,and data on the distribution of pedestrian flow in the sample shopping centers were obtained through the observation method,and the relationship between the distribution of pedestrian flow and spatial and functional elements in the sample shopping centers was established.The study shows that the spatial structure of the open network shopping centers is well understood,and the distribution of pedestrian flow in public spaces is more influenced by spatial elements while that in retail spaces is more influenced by functional elements,and the regression equation can explain most of the distribution of pedestrian flow in shopping centers.In the third part of the study,the users of the shopping centers in the subway station area are investigated by using post-use evaluation to find out their demand for the shopping centers in the subway station area.The evaluation was divided into three parts: satisfaction evaluation,subjective tendency evaluation,and accessibility evaluation,and three representative shopping centers in Guangzhou were selected.The satisfaction evaluation found that the most influential factors for users are traffic experience factor and environment experience factor,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of different samples can be obtained through hierarchical analysis.In the subjective tendency evaluation,the users’ preferences for the public spaces of the three samples were investigated by photo cognition combined with SD scale,and it was found that there were cognitive differences between architects and general users on the spatial patterns of the shopping centers,but there was no significant difference in the results of the intentional evaluation.In the accessibility evaluation,the trajectory tracking and structured questionnaires were used to investigate the movement characteristics of different groups of people in the shopping center and to analyze the relationship between the movement of people and the spatial pattern.The study shows that a reasonable functional and spatial orientation is essential to enhance the commercial efficiency of station shopping centers.After completing the above three sections,the results are summarized and refined,and a multidimensional evaluation model and design strategy for subway station shopping centers are proposed in conjunction with relevant literature.The multidimensional evaluation model is mainly used to evaluate the completed station mall,covering the external urban environment,the internal environment and the subjective perception of the users,which is of great relevance to the construction of a transit city.The design strategy is a response to the previous research on design elements,covering the macro-city,meso-architecture and micro-users,and forming a guideline for designers to follow.