Research On The Characteristics Of Jiangnan Garden In Ming And Qing Dynasties Under Text Mining

Traditional Chinese gardens developed and took shape in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.As one of the peaks of traditional Chinese gardens in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Jiangnan gardens are the focus of research on garden history,art history and even social history at home and abroad.There have always been many researches on its history and space techniques.however,most of the research on landscape characteristics in the Ming and Qing Dynasties focused on qualitative research through historical data analysis,and there were not many quantitative studies on literature data.At the same time,the current research on Jiangnan gardens is more on the garden itself,and there is less research on the interaction between the garden landscape and the time and space to which it belongs,the cultural environment,and the gardening people.The environmental and social attributes of gardens are still worth studying.As a type of social activity of human beings,gardening cannot be separated from the influence of human social development,cultural life and surrounding natural conditions.These factors restrict and influence gardens,and ultimately promote the development of gardens.Based on the above situation,on the basis of quantitative analysis of literature data,the analysis of the causes of the Ming and Qing Jiangnan gardens from the perspectives of environmental history,geography and sociology will help supplement the previous research on garden history and have a more comprehensive understanding of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The research can provide reference for the construction of Chinese gardens today.This study selects the Yuanji literature of the Ming and Qing Dynasties as the research object,and mainly conducts research on these aspects.First: Through semantic induction,statistics of the different types of site selection in the garden notes,study the preferences of the Ming and Qing Jiangnan gardens in site selection.Second: Use ROST CM6 analysis software to segment the text of the garden note,count the word frequency and sum up semantic meaning,and convert the description of various landscape elements in the garden note text.Based on the preliminary data,the landscape characteristics of mountains,water,flowers and trees,and buildings are analyzed,and the preliminary results of the research on the landscape characteristics of Jiangnan gardens in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are obtained.Third,conduct a case analysis of Canglang Pavilion and further verify the research results.Fourth,combining the above research results,research the social,natural and cultural environment of the Jiangnan area in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,analyze the influence of the development and changes of the external environment on the Jiangnan gardens,and explore the causes of the Ming and Qing Jiangnan garden styles from the environmental perspective.Through research,the main results are as follows:In terms of site selection,the researched garden records have the most urban land and the least rural land.Compared with the Tang and Song Dynasties,the site selection of gardens in the Ming and Qing Dynasties moved from rural to urban.In terms of mountain views,the rockery studied has seven types of peaks,ridges,rocks,caves,streams,cliffs,and terraces.It is a collection of stacked mountains.The description of the rockery space can be summarized as the "three distances" of painting theory,which shows that at that time the mountain scenery paid more attention to the height and weight,and the expression of continuousness was relatively weak,which indirectly proved the narrowness of the stacked mountains in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In terms of stone appreciation,Taihu stone is the main stone,and most of the stone from the south of the Yangtze River is selected.At the same time,the aesthetics of pictographic stones are more common.In terms of water features,the water features of Jiangnan gardens in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are dominated by ponds,streams,and well springs.Compared with the Tang and Song Dynasties,the water bodies are smaller and introverted,which is a miniature of natural water bodies.For the aesthetics of waterscapes,flowing water has the most vocabulary,reflecting the importance of sound in the aesthetics of waterscapes,while still water focuses on the clarity and tranquility of the water body.In terms of waterside activities,there are more banquets and entertainment activities,which are different from the Tang and Song dynasties.In terms of plants,the garden plants in the south of the Yangtze River during the Ming and Qing Dynasties were dominated by ornamental plants such as flowering trees,with abundant types and few vegetable garden plants.Statistics found that the Ming and Qing Jiangnan gardens had four specific types of landscapes: plant shapes,hedgerows,plant corridors,and potted plants,among which there were more hedgerows and plant shapes.In terms of architecture,descriptions of buildings account for the largest proportion of the garden records.Compared with the Tang and Song Dynasties,both the density and type of garden architecture in Ming and Qing Dynasties have further increased.The proportion of living-type buildings such as halls and pavilions has increased,and the collection of architectural furnishings main body.Based on the preliminary research results,further inductive deduction and analysis are carried out.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The Jiangnan gardens in the Ming and Qing Dynasties showed a trend of secularization,and there was a clear tendency to live in gardens,and their relative places were more in cities.At the same time,the Jiangnan garden space has obvious life attributes,and architecture has become an important factor.The production function of the garden has been weakened,the tourist function has been enlarged,the ornamentalization of plants and the art of plasticity have been developed,and the garden has become a purer recreational space.(2)At the same time,the Jiangnan gardens in the Ming and Qing Dynasties presented an artistic and idealized aesthetic.In the context of shrinking areas,the Jiangnan gardens in the Ming and Qing Dynasties showed a high degree of condensing and collection of scenic landscapes and famous paintings.The theory of mountain and water expression focuses on the height and layering of the mountain,and the water is left blank as the mountain.The atmosphere of the space focuses on tranquility and a sense of tranquility.In general,in the context of increasing daily life and secularization,the landscape space of Jiangnan gardens in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was highly condensed and artistic.In the secular life of urban dwellings,we tried to create a secluded experience space of mountains and rivers and ideal scenery like paintings by famous artists.The neutralization of the two makes the garden present the aesthetic characteristics of the unity of art and life.(3)The urbanized natural environment and social environment as well as the urbanized and aesthetic cultural environment promoted the formation of the Jiangnan garden style in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The formation of the Jiangnan garden style in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was obviously affected by the external environment.The development of the commodity economy has promoted the development of cities and towns and the increase of human factors in the natural environment,and promoted the rise of the squire as the main group of garden construction,thus leading to the trend of gardening in the city.This brings about the living of the garden and the cramping of the garden space.On the other hand,the secularized cultural environment,spiritualistic aesthetics,and the rise of life aesthetics promoted the expenditure of squires on gardening activities.In addition,the maturity of the aesthetics of literati landscape painting has also promoted the expression of painting in the construction of garden space.(4)The spatial organization of the landscape painting style of Jiangnan gardens in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is a reflection of the Chinese people’s view of nature.The "three far" theory is a simplified expression of the spatial structure.It is highly suitable for expressing infinite landscapes in a limited and fragmented space.It is of considerable value to the construction of urban and rural green spaces,especially fragmented green spaces.The research applied the technique of text mining for the first time to the study of the garden notes literature of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.At the same time,examining the causes of landscape style from an environmental perspective is also highly original in the study of Jiangnan gardens.This article discusses the spatial aesthetics of Jiangnan gardens in history and its causes,enriching the research on the pattern,gardening techniques and historical evolution of Jiangnan gardens.The research provides a reference for the construction of urban and rural green spaces with Chinese characteristics based on the traditional garden space aesthetics.