| Diet and living environment are closely related to human health.These factors can directly or indirectly affect our gut microbiota.As one of the ethnic minorities in China,Mongolian population has its unique diet pattern and lifestyle.With the development of society,the lifestyle and dietary habits of the Mongolian people have changed to different degrees.In order to understand the relationship between diet,health and gut microbiota,a total of 124 Mongolian residents from different families,52 from Hohhot(urban volunteers)and 72 from Tongliao village(rural volunteers),aged between 18 and 65,were recruited to collect feces and blood samples.Through diet investigation and health examination,the nutritional intake and health status of Mongolian urban and rural volunteers were comprehensively evaluated.Based on meta genomic sequencing technology,Pac Bio SMRT sequencing technology and metabolomics technology,the association analysis between the diversity of gut microbiota of volunteers and the nutritional health status of the body was conducted to explore the effects of different diet structures and different health conditions on the composition and distribution of intestinal flora of volunteers.Results show:(1)A survey of dietary status showed that Mongolian urban and rural volunteers found some differences in daily dietary habits.The rural volunteers took in more nutrients such as oil,salt,manganese and sodium than the urban volunteers(P<0.05),and slightly less water intake,but it was within a reasonable range(P<0.05).The diet of rural volunteers included more grains,beans and natural ingredients,rather than too much processed food(P<0.05).Compared with the rural volunteers,the urban volunteers ate more milk and dairy products,fruits and vegetables,processed foods,and so on,and the dietary pattern was more diversified.(2)Dietary habits lead to different health conditions.Health examination results showed that urban volunteers had significant advantages in height.The average ages of the two groups were similar,but BMI and blood pressure,total cholesterol(CHOL)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels were higher(P<0.05).The blood biochemical test showed differences in 24 indicators,among which,diet had a strong correlation with the levels of total cholesterol(CHOL),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),glucose(GLU)and total bilirubin(IBIL)(P<0.05).(3)The differences in dietary habits and health level lead to the differences in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota.The abundance of Actinomycetes in the intestinal tract of rural volunteers was significantly lower,while that of Bacteroides in the intestinal tract of urban volunteers was higher(P<0.05).In addition,29 different bacterial genera were identified in the intestinal tract of urban and rural volunteers,among which the most distinct ones were Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus)(P< 0.001).Compared with rural volunteers,urban volunteers had more Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium longum in the intestinal tract(P<0.01).In addition,the relative abundance of Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus salivarius in urban volunteer gut was significantly higher than that in rural volunteers(P<0.05).Through correlation analysis,we found that Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in intestinal tract had correlation with rice,flour,coarse cereals,salt and sodium intake,blood pressure,Total Cholesterol(CHOL),Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol(LDL-C)and BMI(P<0.01).(4)The 15 differential metabolites identified in the serum of Mongolian urban and rural volunteers(P<0.05)were enriched into 7 differential metabolic pathways,including tryptophan metabolism,taurine and hypotaurine metabolism,pentose phosphate pathway,sphingolipid metabolism,pyruvate metabolism,primary bile acid biosynthesis,and glycine,serine,and threonine metabolism.Bifidobacterium was positively correlated with Taurocholic＿acid and L-lactic acid in blood(P<0.01).In conclution,the gut microbiota of the Mongolian individuals have significant geographical characteristics,and the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestinal tract have a high correlation with dietary nutrient intake and health indicators.Rural volunteers had the characteristics of high salt,high carbohydrate and single diet,and the prevalence of hypertension and obesity was high,which made the bacterial diversity of Bifidobacterium in their intestinal tract low,and the levels of beneficial metabolites such as Taurine in blood metabolites were lower than those of urban volunteers,which was one of the reasons that the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia in rural volunteers was higher than that of urban residents. |
PDF Full Text Request