Marxist Criticism Of Contemporary Ecological Crisis And Chinese Exploration

Ecological crisis is caused by blind human activities.The plunder and consumption of natural resources causes environmental pollution and imbalance of ecological system,which directly threatens the existence and development of human beings and other natural beings.The contemporary ecological crisis is particularly serious because with the development of the industrial revolution,air pollution,water pollution,land desolation,the greenhouse effect,the extinction of species and so on are getting worse and worse.The current ecological crisis is characterized by a large range of influences on time and space,a large proportion of scientific and technological factors,and great difficulty in ecological restoration.It has begun to endanger the continuation of the entire human civilization and the operation of the ecosystem.The essence of contemporary ecological crisis is the conflict between man and nature,and the root causes of this conflict are two aspects.On the one hand,it is to recognize the dichotomy of subject and object in the relationship between man and nature,and gradually form an anthropocentric world outlook and values.On the other hand,it lies in the "antiecological nature" of the capitalist system and the capitalist mode of production towards nature,and the nature that is imprisoned in the logic of capital cannot be protected.It is precisely for the different aspects of the root of the ecological crisis that the exploration of ecological rescue has diverged.Ecocentrism aims at the binary opposition between man and nature,criticizes the control of nature under the guidance of anthropocentrism values,and emphasizes the overall interests of the ecological community formed by man and nature.Leopold’s "land community",Rolston’s "natural value theory",Naess’ s "self-actualization theory" and Lovelock’s "Gaia hypothesis" are the representative theories of ecocentrism.From the discussion of the community relationship between man and nature,to the comprehensive analysis of the tool value,intrinsic value and system value of nature,to the discussion of human existence from the perspective of the earth as a whole,it finally confirmed the importance of ecological ethics in solving ecological problems.However,in the specific actions to deal with the ecological crisis,ecocentricism places high hopes on the moral actions of individuals,and ignores the general trend of the development of capitalist society,which will overwhelm the individual’s environmental behavior.Obviously,the ecological rescue strategy of ecocentrism is still in the framework of the capitalist system.In view of the anti-ecological nature of capitalism,ecological Marxism believes that only by replacing capitalism with ecological socialism can ecological crisis be overcome.After digging out the ecological implication of Marx’s theory and criticizing the ecological plan of capitalism,Jonathan Hughes,Reiner Grundmann,Joel Kovel and other ecological Marxist scholars put forward the vision of replacing capitalist society with ecological socialist society.Ecological Marxist scholars believe that only by combining ecology with socialism can the meaning of life between man and nature and the ecological connotation of the community be realized.However,the road to the ecological socialist society is difficult,and the crisis theory completely focused on ecology lacks the strength to overthrow capitalism.There is no consensus on the subject of revolution and economic development.And in the judgment of whether it can overthrow capitalism,ecological socialism is both promising and revealing its own weaknesses.In order to cope with the ecological crisis,there are discussions involving "community" in exploring the relationship between man and nature.How the community relationship between man and nature transcends the epistemology of subject-object dichotomy,and how to break through the real dilemma of capitalist society,we can go back to Marx and Engels’ "true community" to seek answers.Marx and Engels revealed the dialectical unity of man and nature and the multidimensional interaction between man and nature in practical activities,and pointed out the deepening contradictions between man and man and between man and nature caused by the "false community" of capitalist society,and emphasized that only in the "real community" can the harmony between "people-society-nature" be realized.The real community is "the union of free people" and "the communist society",in which people realize the free and comprehensive development,and also realize the common control of the material transformation between man and nature.In this sense,the contradiction between man and nature and between man and man can be truly solved.On the basis of inheriting Marx’s practical view of nature,socialist China has made the thesis that "man and nature are the community of life",and the concept of " life community " is the contemporary development of Marxist ecological thinking.Through the historical evolution of the community of life between man and nature,it can be seen that man’s attitude towards nature has changed from awe to conquest,and then to respect in order to return to the harmony between man and nature.Since the capitalist society has concealed the way to solve the ecological crisis,the theory and practice of socialist ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics deserve in-depth attention.It is also in the process of ecological civilization construction that China put forward the idea that "man and nature are the community of life" and "respect nature,conform to nature and protect nature".From the perspective of theoretical inheritance and transcendence,the concept of " life community " finds the unity of man and nature beyond the "center" in Marx’s practical view of nature;finds the life criterion of "endless life" between man and nature in the traditional Chinese culture of " the unity of man and nature";and enriches the way of getting along with nature by learning from the reasonable elements of western ecological thought.The concept of " life community " states that "the mutual assistance of life" can be seen from the symbiosis of man and nature;that "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains" indicates "value interlinked";that "home sharing" can be defined from the beautiful ecological environment constructed together with other life;and that "production-ecology-life" can be well developed in the reasonable layout of space.The concept of "life community" does not stop at the theoretical dimension.In the practical dimension,China explores how to reshape the life community between man and nature in the construction of ecological civilization.China’s modernization construction adheres to the "five in one" general layout,implements the construction of ecological civilization in all aspects of socialist modernization,speeds up the ecological process of economic development,improves the system of ecological civilization,exerts the important role of ecological culture,and builds an ecological harmonious society.In the process of ecological governance,we should pay attention to the integrity of human and nature,and maintain the systematic operation of human and nature.Ecological governance aims at the green development of the whole society;it is guaranteed by constantly improving moral constraints and strict laws and regulations;it carries out the overall restoration of the life community through the governance of landscape,forest,field,lake and grass system,focuses on the restoration of the life community through the construction of national parks,and comprehensively maintains the life community through the construction of urban and rural ecological environment,so as to truly realize the harmonious symbiosis between man and nature.For the global ecological environment,the construction of the community of life between man and nature is also of great significance.The community of life is the theme of the community with a shared future for mankind.While developing its own ecological civilization,China shoulders the responsibility of a major country,actively shares its experience in ecological protection,and strives to promote global cooperation in ecological governance,and work with other countries to build a "clean and beautiful world".