Taxonomics Of The Family Erythraeidae From China

The family Erythraeidae belongs to the superfamily Erythraeoidea(Acari:Trombidiformes).Hitherto,Erythraeidae consists of about 850 species and 62 genera worldwide.The known erythraeid taxa are established based on various voucher specimens.At species level,about 580 species are known from larvae,and 47 species from both larval and post-larval stages.At generic level,30 genera are known from larvae,18 genera are known from adult or post-larval stages,only 14 genera are known from larvae and/or post-larval stages(adult and deutonymph).Moreover,there are 27 genera are monotypic,of which 11 genera based on adults(one based on fossil specimens),15 genera based on larvae only(one is based on fossil specimens),only one is known from larvae and adult.Excluding the monotypic genera,there are 25 oligotypic genera,with less than ten known species,of them,seven genera based on adult,14 genera based on larvae and four genera are known from larvae and/or post-larval stages.Based on examined a large number of Erythraeidae specimens collected recently,the present dissertation describes the Chinese species in detail gives a preliminary analysis on its faunal composition and provides a preliminary discussion on phylogenetic relationships among genera that are established based on larvae and both larvae and other stage including adults.1 Taxonomics and taxa new to science and ChinaSpecimens come from 22 provincial administrative regions in China.A total of 72 species from 11 genera of Erythraeidae are described,including three newly recorded genera(two have been published),70 new species(11 have been published),two newly recorded species,and one new combination proposed.1.1 Species(including 11 ones published)new to scienceAbrolophus diaoluoensis Xu&Jin,2021(published)Abrolophus mianyangensis sp.nov.Abrolophus quadrapexicis sp.nov.Abrolophus yunnanensis sp.nov.Grandjeanella dianguiensis sp.nov.Marantelophus allodubifurcatus sp.nov.Marantelophus cavus sp.nov.Marantelophus adunguis sp.nov.Marantelophus dubifurcatus Xu,Yi&Jin,2017(published)Marantelophus ningxiaensis sp.nov.Marantelophus spatha sp.nov.Balaustium tibetensis sp.nov.Caeculisoma allopenlineatus Xu&Jin,2020(published)Caeculisoma baoshanensis sp.nov.Caeculisoma longlingensis sp.nov.Caeculisoma penlineatus Xu&Jin,2019(published)Caeculisoma semispinus Xu&Jin,2019(published)Charletonia allodomawiti sp.nov.Charletonia brachypodos sp.nov.Charletonia buerjinensis sp.nov.Charletonia datianensis sp.nov.Charletonia diaoluoshanensis sp.nov.Charletonia nudus sp.nov.Charletonia rectangia sp.nov.Charletonia trifurcatus sp.nov.Dambullaeus hainanensis Xu&Jin,2019(published)Dambullaeus jianfengensis Xu&Jin,2020(published)Iguatonia seemani Xu&Jin,2020(published)Iguatonia xinfengi Xu&Jin,2020(published)Eatoniana nanlingensis sp.nov.Erythraeus(Erythraeus)aletaiensis sp.nov.Erythraeus(Erythraeus)hanasiensis sp.nov.Erythraeus(Erythraeus)hanmaensis sp.nov.Erythraeus(Erythraeus)hubeiensis Xu&Jin,2019(published)Erythraeus(Erythraeus)kunyuensis sp.nov.Erythraeus(Erythraeus)vulneratus sp.nov.Erythraeus(Zaracarus)hainanensis Xu&Jin,2019(published)Leptus(Leptus)allokattikus sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)alloshimenensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)bawangensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)claviscutalus sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)guizhouensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)guxiangensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)habaheensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)honglongensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)jianfengensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)jinheensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)lingshuiensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)linzhiensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)liupanensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)longisetosus sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)longisolenidiatus sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)minutus sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)neocoreophilus sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)neolongisolenidiatus sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)neozhangi sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)novasetus sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)milliferus sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)qilianensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)sexsolenidiatus sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)sichuanensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)sipinilealus sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)tauforma sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)trisolenidiatus sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)wavus sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)xiaoxiensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)xinfengi sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)xinzhuensis sp.nov.Leptus(Leptus)yangmingensis sp.nov.Lsptus(Leptus)yufengi sp.nov.1.2 Taxa new to China Newly recorded genera from China:Grandjeanella Southcott,1961 Dambullaeus Haitlinger,2001 Iguatonia Haitlinger,2004 Newly recorded species from China:Charletonia jolantae Haitlinger,1986 Leptus(Leptus)terebrans Vitzthum,19261.3 New combinationDue to the originally designed species Erythraeus(Erythraeus)yangshuonicus is well agreed with the characteristics of the genus Eatoniana,it is transferred here to Eatoniana.Eatoniana yangshuonicus(Haitlinger,2006)comb.nov..2 Faunal features of the Chinese erythraeidsOn the zoogeographic division of world,There are two genera(Claverythraeus and Podosmaridia)distributed in the Palaearctic realm only,so-called unitary faunal type,and these two genera are monotypic.Among cross-realm types,the components of the cross-Oriental realm type are dominant(80%)at genus level.Among unitary faunal types,on the zoogeographic division of China,region types,the unitary South China are dominant with the most numbers of genera.Among the cross-region types,the proportion of the genera belong to the cross-South China type is highest,followed by that of the cross-Central China type,and then the cross-North China type.At species-level,underworld zoogeographic division,the components of the unitary Oriental type are the most and those of the unitary Palaearctic realm type are the second.Among the crossrealm types,the species belong to the type containing the Oriental are more than those belong to the type containing the Palaearctic.Under Chinese zoogeographic division,the unitary,Central China types has the most species,followed by the unitary South China type,of which the species number is slightly less than the former.3 Phylogeny of erythraeid genera based on larvaeBy using phylogenetic software TNT ver.1.5(Tree analysis using New Technology)and based on 74 morphological characters,the phylogenetic relationships among 44 genera that are designed with larvae only or together with other immature stages,With 74 selected characteristics,the Phylogenetic trees constructed are four maximum parsimony trees and one strict consensus tree.Essential implications of the trees are as below.1.The relationships among subfamilies and their taxonomic status are well in accordance with that based on adult morphology and muscular feature by Witte(1995).However,the phylogenetic relationship between Erythraeinae and Phanolophinae is not clear and needs to be furtherly studied.2.The genus of Iraniella and the genus of Charletonia are clustered into the same branch on the phylogenetic tree.The genus Iraniella belongs to subfamily Phanolophinaethe and Charletonia belongs to Callidosomatinae at present.In this study,Iraniella is transferred to Callidosomatinae due to it has more diagnostic traits that agree with this subfamily that is supported by this result.3.The results support the classification system of Abrolophinae,consisting seven genera,proposed by Clark(2014).Moreover,the genus Andrevella belonging to Callidosomatinae is clustered into Abrolophine and is a sister group of the genus Pukakia within Abrolophine branch on the phylogenetic tree.This implies that Andrevella should be transferred into AbrolophineAs an integrative taxonomics of Erythraeidae in China,the results greatly contributed to Erythraeidae knowledge with increasing of species diversity,elucidating of faunal composition and features,and clarifying of phylogenetic relationships among the word larval genera with taxonomic connotation.Erythraeid mites are potential biocontrol agents against pest insects and mites,the study laid the groundwork for future research on erythraeid systematics and application as natural enemies.