Systematic Study On Subfamily Coelidiinae(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae)

Coelidiinae is an insect subfamily belonging to the family Cicadellidae in the order Hemiptera.Coelidiinae contains 11 tribes with 1231 species in 138 genera and is found worldwide.However,the phylogeny within this subfamily is still unknown.This is a systematic study of subfamily Coelidiinae worldwide.For phylogenetic analysis,85 species representing 52 genera in 9 tribes were chosen as the ingroup and 12 species representing 7 subfamilies from Cicadellidae were chosen as the outgroup.We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of Coelidiinae using DNA sequence data from 6 genes and 100 discrete morphological characters.Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses found consensus support that the subfamily Coelidiinae as well as the tribes Thagriini,Tharrini,Tinobregmini,Sandersellini,Equeefini and Macroceratogoniini are monophyletic.However,the tribes Coelidiini,Youndalidiini and Teruliini are not.There is high support for establishing two new tribes,Olidianini trib.nov.,with 49 genera and 39 genera transfered from Coelidiini and Teruliini,respectively,and,Pilosanini trib.nov.,with genus Pilosana Nielson transfered from Youngolidiini.Therefore,13 tribes were reported in the subfamily Coelidiinae to date.For the phylogenetic analysis of genera in the tribe Olidianini trib.nov.,the genera Taharana and Webbolidia are monophyletic,but Olidiana,Calodia,Cladolidia,Hiatusorus and Glaberana are polyphyletic.The latter five polyphyletic genera were revised and a key to species of each genus was provided.Moreover,four genera were proposed as new synonyms,121 new combinations were formed,2 species were new synonyms and 2 new nomen were established.The oldest Coelidiinae fossil,Cretacoelidia viraktamathi Wang,Dietrich,Zhang gen.&sp.nov.,is reported.Combining with our knowledge of 2 known Cicadellidae fossils,the divergence time estimated from BEAST analysis indicates that the Coelidiinae may have originated from late Jurassic or early Cretaceous.Biogeographical analyses suggest that the Coelidiinae originated in the Oriental region.Moreover,56 species of 15 genera in 3 tribes were included in this study.Among these,1 new genus and 28 new species were described,photographs of 21 species are provided as supplements to previous research,and illustrations and photographs wereprovided for the 7 redescribed species.