| Over the past four decades of reform and opening-up,China has made remarkable achievements in economic development and become the world’s second largest economy.However,the long-term extensive economic growth model has caused irreparable resource consumption and environmental pollution,which has seriously restricted the sustainable development of China’s economy and society.The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made an important strategic decision that China’s economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development.The key content is to promote changes in the quality,efficiency and driving force of economic development and raise total factor productivity.With the implementation of the concept of green development,the idea that green rivers and green mountains are gold and silver mountains has been deeply rooted in the people’s hearts.Considering the constraints of resources and environment,green total factor productivity has become the main driving force to transform China’s economic development momentum and transform China’s economic development mode.Therefore,improving green total factor productivity is the fundamental way to realize the transformation and upgrading of China’s green economy and sustainable development.Tax and fee reduction are not only an important part of proactive fiscal policy,but also an important measure to deepen supply-side structural reform.It can play a positive role in stimulating the internal driving force of market economy players,adjusting economic structure and improving the quality of growth.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the influence between tax and fee reduction and green total factor productivity.In this context,this thesis closely focuses on the research topic of tax and fee reduction and green total factor productivity,carefully summarizes relevant domestic and foreign research literature and theoretical basis,defines the concept connotation of tax reduction and fee reduction and green total factor productivity,and analyzes the mechanism of tax and fee reduction on green total factor productivity.By constructing traditional panel regression model,threshold regression model and spatial econometric model,this thesis empirically examines the overall effect,threshold effect and spatial effect of tax and fee reduction on green total factor productivity growth,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for improving green total factor productivity at provincial scale in China.Firstly,we calculate the green total factor productivity index at provincial scale in China by using the mixed distance function EBM model with compatible radial and non-radial characteristics and GML index.Then,based on the panel data of provincial regions in China,static and dynamic panel data models are established,and panel regression and systematic GMM methods are used to empirically test the overall impact of tax and fee reduction on green total factor productivity.Then,the threshold panel model is used to test the non-linear threshold characteristics of tax and fee reduction on provincial green total factor productivity.Then using spatial econometric methods,static and dynamic spatial panel data model is set up and tested at the provincial level in China has significant spatial scale green total factor productivity is the correlation,and using the method of partial differential further solution of tax and fee reduction for green total factor productivity in the short term and long term effects and spatial spillover effect directly.Finally,based on the results of theoretical and empirical analysis,the thesis puts forward some policy suggestions on promoting the growth of green total factor productivity and implementing tax and fee reduction measures in China.The main research contents and conclusions of summarized as follows.First,we measure the green total factor productivity and its decomposition term at provincial scale.Using the mixed distance function EBM model and GML index with compatible radial and non-radial characteristics considering the unexpected output,the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2017 are taken as samples to calculate the green total factor productivity and its decomposition terms at the provincial scale.The calculation results show that: In the whole sample period,green total factor productivity at provincial level increased from 0.9881 in 2001 to 1.0286 in 2017,indicating that green technological progress was the main driving force for the growth of green total factor productivity.In addition,the change trend of green total factor productivity at provincial level in China shows significant stage characteristics and regional differences,and shows a trend of fluctuation decline and then steady rise.The green total factor productivity in eastern China is better than that in central China,and that in central China is better than that in western China.Economically developed provinces such as Beijing,Shandong,Tianjin,Shanghai and Jiangsu have seen faster growth and technological progress in green total factor productivity,showing a situation of "high in the east and low in the west" as a whole.Second,empirical tests the overall impact of tax and fee reduction on green total factor productivity.Based on panel data of provincial regions in China,this thesis empirically examines the impact of tax and fee reduction on green total factor productivity by constructing static and dynamic panel regression models.The results show that:(1)The growth of green total factor productivity has a strong time inertia,and a virtuous cycle effect is formed between the early green total factor productivity and the current green total factor productivity,which significantly promotes the current green total factor productivity growth.(2)The influence coefficient of regional macro-tax burden on provincial green total factor productivity is significantly negative at the statistical level of 1%,which indicates that tax and fee reduction can significantly promote the improvement of provincial green total factor productivity.(3)At the same time,the effect path of tax and fee reduction on provincial green total factor productivity is investigated.The regression results show that tax and fee reduction can significantly promote the improvement of regional green technology progress,but has no obvious effect on the improvement of green technology efficiency.(4)Further investigate the impact of three different tax burdens on green total factor productivity at provincial scale in China.The empirical results show that reducing the tax burden of direct tax and indirect tax has a positive incentive effect on provincial green total factor productivity,and can significantly promote the growth of local green total factor productivity.However,the decrease of administrative cost burden has no obvious effect on green total factor productivity at provincial scale.Third,empirical tests the threshold effect of tax and fee reduction on green total factor productivity.Based on the panel data of 30 provincial regions in China,a series of index variables are selected as the threshold variables using the threshold panel regression model to empirically test whether there is a threshold effect.The test results show that the impact of tax and fee cuts on green total factor productivity in China has a significant nonlinear threshold characteristics.When the regional macro tax burden is lower than a certain threshold value,the policy of tax and fee reduction will significantly promote the improvement of green total factor productivity at the provincial level.When the level of regional macro tax burden exceeds this threshold,the promotion effect of tax and fee reduction policies on provincial green total factor productivity is significantly enhanced.Economic development level,the degree of fiscal decentralization,foreign direct investment,science and technology innovation level,such as variables,the tax and fee reduction nonlinear relationship with GTFP showed remarkable double threshold effect,when these variables satisfy certain threshold conditions,tax and fee reduction of provincial scale green total factor productivity more significant role in promoting.Fourth,empirical tests the spatial effect of tax and fee reduction on green total factor productivity.Firstly,Moran’s I index and Moran scatter plot were used to analyze the spatial correlation of green total factor productivity at provincial scale in China.Then,dynamic and static spatial Durbin panel models were used to estimate the spatial effects of tax and fee reduction on green total factor productivity under three spatial weights.Then,partial differential method was used.This thesis empirically analyzes the short-term and long-term direct effects and spatial spillover effects of tax and fee reduction on provincial green total factor productivity in China.The results found that(1)in the space of three different weighting matrix,the provincial scale green total factor productivity of our country has a significant space is the correlation,namely green total factor productivity in different areas of the closely related not only with their own economic factors,but also affected by the surrounding area green total factor productivity,there are significant regional spatial dependence.(2)The spatial impact of tax and fee reduction on green total factor productivity has significant positive short-term direct effects and long-term direct effects,that tax and fee reduction can significantly enhance the level of green total factor productivity growth in the region,and the direct effect of long-term regression coefficient is greater than the short-term effect directly,this suggests that tax and fee reduction have a cumulative effect,It is conducive to the improvement of green total factor productivity in the region in the long term.In addition,tax and fee cuts have a negative short-term spatial spillover effect on green total factor productivity,while the long-term spatial spillover effect is not significant,suggesting that tax and fee reduction significantly inhibit the growth of green total factor productivity in the adjacent areas in the short term.(3)To explore the spatial effects of tax and fee reduction on green total factor productivity in eastern,central and western regions of China.The results show that in the eastern,the policy of tax and fee reduction has obvious "local effect",which is conducive to promoting the growth of green total factor productivity in the region;In the central region,tax and fee reduction only have short-term "spillover effect",which is beneficial to promote the growth of green total factor productivity in the surrounding area in the short term,while the local effect and long-term spatial spillover effect are not obvious.In the western,tax and fee reduction only have short-term "local effect",which is conducive to promoting the growth of green total factor productivity in the region in the short term,while the long-term direct effect and spatial spillover effect are not obvious.(4)The spatial effects of direct tax burden,indirect tax burden and administrative fee burden on green total factor productivity are further investigated.The results show that reducing the direct tax burden can only promote the growth of green total factor productivity in the local and surrounding areas in the short term.The reduction of indirect tax burden only has a short-term "local effect",which is conducive to promoting the growth of green total factor productivity in the region in the short term,while the long-term direct effect and spatial spillover effect are not obvious.The reduction of administrative charges only has a short-term "spatial spillover effect",which is conducive to promoting the growth of green total factor productivity in the surrounding areas in the short term,while the short-term direct effect and long-term effect are not obvious.Finally,based on theoretical research and empirical analysis,this article puts forward the following policy recommendations: First,further improve the top-level design of tax and fee reduction policies,and build a long-term mechanism for tax and fee reduction policies;Second,Implement tax and fee reduction policies according to local conditions,implement the concept of green development,and coordinate the promotion of regional coordinated development;the third is to vigorously promote the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure,introduce high-quality foreign direct investment,and strive to improve the level of technological innovation,and promote the improvement of green total factor productivity;the fourth is to accelerate the conversion of new and old kinetic energy,promote green technological innovation,and actively build a high-quality development model oriented to promote green total factor productivity growth. |
