The Study Of Spatial Effect To Ethnic Village Communities Participating In Tourism Poverty Alleviation In The Border Mountainous Areas Of Western Yunnan

By combing the relevant research results of tourism poverty alleviation and community participation in tourism at home and abroad,this paper analyzes the action mechanism of ethnic village community participation in tourism poverty alleviation,and constructs a framework for the analysis of the effect of ethnic village community participation in tourism poverty alleviation from the dimensions of spatial production,spatial correlation and the reconstruction and resolution of spatial justice,It also summarizes and reflects on the practical experience of early ethnic village communities participating in tourism poverty alleviation in China.On this basis,the paper takes three "straight through ethnic" villages in different stages of community tourism development in western Yunnan border mountainous areas as cases,collects data through questionnaires and interviews,and comprehensively draws lessons from ethnography,participatory rural assessment,spatial analysis and industrial chain analysis to explore the effect and optimization mechanism of ethnic villages' community participation in tourism poverty alleviation.The research shows that the driving force of ethnic village community participation in tourism poverty alleviation comes from "interest driven" and "identity driven",and "sense of locality" constitutes the invisible appeal of ethnic village communities in poor areas to participate in tourism development.In terms of the performance of the effect of ethnic village community participation in tourism Poverty Alleviation: on the one hand,the poverty alleviation and development of community tourism promotes the production and expansion of ethnic village community tourism space,especially the attraction space.In this process,the spatial perception of community residents is reshaped,forming their own ethnic consciousness and sense of place in the interaction with the "other",It also shows the spatial effect effects of tourism poverty alleviation and development.On the other hand,the realization of the spatial correlation effect of community participation in tourism poverty alleviation is the result of the joint interaction of tourism resource development,tourism policy support,tourism enterprise investment and community residents' participation.The spatial agglomeration and flow of tourists in different communities and communities promote the distribution of relevant elements and effects of tourism development,thus breaking the closed state of ethnic village communities,It leads to the interaction between the community and its background area,and improves the spatial influence of ethnic village communities to participate in tourism poverty alleviation.At the same time,with the opportunity of tourism development,all kinds of geographical capital,cultural capital and social capital in poor ethnic areas have been activated and transformed from the original dilemma into economic benefits,which has fundamentally changed the social,economic and cultural geographical position of the core and periphery at different regional scales,and brought development opportunities for poor areas and poor people,It constructs a new order of "spatial justice".However,under the influence of traffic,location,capital and other factors in the ethnic village community,there will also be the lack of "spatial justice" in the community.Through the case study of Yu Beng Village,Lang De Miao village and three "straight through ethnic" village communities in the border mountainous area of Western Yunnan,it is found that the process of domestic ethnic village communities participating in tourism poverty alleviation mainly points to the participation of "farmers" rather than the overall participation of "community".In this process,many problems and limitations have been exposed,including single mode of community participation,insignificant regional driving effect,insufficient supply of public goods,homogeneous competition within the community,"lack of spatial justice",and the improvement of economic benefits of community tourism development,but negative leakage of social,cultural and environmental benefits.The participation of ethnic village communities in tourism poverty alleviation should not only emphasize the benefits of the poor in the development of community tourism,but also pay attention to the growth of the overall scale of tourism development in the community and its background area.In this regard,the paper puts forward the specific measures and strategies of optimization mechanism to ethnic village communities participating in tourism poverty alleviation in western Yunnan from four aspects: the embedding mechanism of ethnic village communities participating in tourism poverty alleviation,the symbiotic mechanism of multiple stakeholders,the regional linkage mechanism and the element coordination mechanism.This paper focuses on the spatial significance and evolution characteristics of "community",emphasizes the differences of different stages of "community participation in tourism" and the internal groups of community residents,and discusses the interactive relationship between ethnic village communities and their scenic areas under the background of tourism intervention,combined with the geographical scale structure analysis model,Through the study of the interaction between different geographical units,this paper combines the micro and macro effect analysis of tourism poverty alleviation,and pays special attention to the social,cultural and environmental effects of ethnic village communities participating in tourism poverty alleviation.The analysis of tourism poverty alleviation effect based on the "community" scale can provide support for the construction of China's tourism poverty alleviation theoretical system with localization characteristics,and broaden the vision of geography on poverty research.It also provides a reference for the tourism poverty alleviation work in contiguous poverty-stricken ethnic minority areas,which is of practical significance for the consolidation of poverty alleviation achievements in the new period and the development of Community Tourism under the background of the implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy.