Research On New Urbanization In Underdeveloped Areas

Urbanization has not only the growth pole function of promoting economic development,but also the spillover function of promoting the integration of urban and rural areas.For a long time,a large number of surplus agricultural labor flowed from rural areas to cities,which promoted the rapid development of urbanization.By 2019,China’s urbanization rate reached 60.6%.However,under the combined effect of the dual household registration system and other factors,the transfer speed of agricultural surplus labor to cities began to decline,and the growth rate of the number of migrant workers in 2019 was only 0.8%,which restricted the further development of urbanization function.People are the most active factor in productivity,and people’s development the ultimate goal of economic development,and people’s development is the means of economic development.Therefore,we must attach importance to people’s core position in promoting urbanization.The measurement indicators of urbanization include the urbanization rate of resident population and the urbanization rate of registered population.The speed of agricultural surplus labor transfer is declining,which indicates that the urbanization rate of resident population tends to be stable,and the urbanization rate of registered population will become the focus of urbanization.In the new era,the major social contradictions have changed.On the one hand,it shows that the people put forward higher requirements for life;on the other hand,unbalanced and insufficient development restricts the high-quality economic development.Among them,the most prominent is the unbalanced and insufficient development between urban and rural areas,which seriously hinders the rapid economic development of underdeveloped areas,and even restricts the agricultural transfer population and rural residents in underdeveloped areas from sharing the development achievements of the times fairly.The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19 th Central Committee pointed out that,China has achieved "55.75 million rural poor people get rid of poverty" by 2020.Compared with the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics,it can be seen that the achievements in tackling poverty have attracted worldwide attention,and the underdeveloped areas have won the tough fight against poverty and started to move towards modernization."Urbanization is the only way for modernization".To realize modernization in underdeveloped areas,we must "adhere to the development concept of innovation,coordination,green,openness and sharing,take urbanization of people as the core,and pay more attention to improving the urbanization rate of registered population".Based on this,this paper discusses how to promote people-centered urbanization in underdeveloped areas taking underdeveloped areas as the research object。The core of new urbanization is to make the agricultural transfer population and rural residents obtain citizen rights and enjoy citizen treatment.The following aspects are studied in detail.First,the paper combs the process of urbanization development in China.This paper focuses on the new stage of urbanization development in the new era and the relationship between new urbanization and citizenization,and then puts forward the connotation and indicators of citizenization in the new era.On this basis,taking Jiangsu and Guangxi as examples,this paper compares the degree of urbanization development between developed and underdeveloped areas from the aspects of urbanization development,urban construction and the life of urban and rural residents.It is found that the urbanization in developed areas has entered the stage of citizenization,and the agricultural transfer population and rural residents have obtained citizen rights and enjoyed citizen treatment.However,the urbanization development in underdeveloped areas lags behind,the agricultural transfer population can not get citizens’ rights,and the quality of life of rural residents is low.The main reasons lie in that regional economic development level,financial capacity and urban carrying capacity are low.Second,the long-term differences in regional development have caused a large number of agricultural surplus laborers in underdeveloped areas to flow into developed areas.By qualitative analysis,this paper analyzes the reasons for the flow of surplus agricultural labor to cities in developed areas and the consequences of the outflow of a large number of surplus agricultural labor to the development of underdeveloped areas from two aspects: the operating income of traditional agriculture and the regional income gap.Based on the function of urbanization,this paper discusses the necessity of accelerating the development of urbanization from the perspectives of high-quality economic development in underdeveloped areas and the development of rural areas and farmers.It should be emphasized that encouraging migrant workers to return home to start businesses is of great significance for accelerating urbanization in underdeveloped areas.On the one hand,it can reverse the long-term population loss in underdeveloped areas and improve the scale effect of urbanization;On the other hand,these migrant workers have accumulated a certain amount of human capital,which can improve the vitality of urbanization.However,encouraging migrant workers to return home to start businesses requires certain conditions,including the construction of entrepreneurial opportunities and the construction of basic public services to meet the needs of development.Thirdly,this paper analyzes the restrictive factors of citizenization in underdeveloped areas.1)The necessity of citizenization of farmers is analyzed from the perspectives of food security,farmers and agricultural development under the guidance of the concept of shared development.This paper analyzes the restrictive factors of farmers’ citizenization from three aspects: urban carrying capacity,the opposing development between urban and rural areas and traditional agriculture.2)The mechanism of restricting citizenization of agricultural transfer population is analyzed in detail from three aspects: institutional restriction,urban carrying capacity and cost of citizenization.Through the simulation of institutional factors by mathematical model,it is found that institutional factors restrict the citizenization of agricultural transfer population from two ways: citizenization ability and citizenization willingness.Through the construction of urban carrying capacity model and empirical analysis,it is found that the government restricts citizenization by strengthening institutional factors under the condition of limited carrying capacity.It is found that the financial capacity of underdeveloped areas can not provide basic public services and infrastructure for citizenization by comparing the cost of citizenization between Jiangsu and Guangxi.And the public cost of citizenization is another important factor restricting the transfer of agricultural population.Fourth,the underdeveloped areas make the agricultural transfer population and farmers get the citizen rights and enjoy the citizen treatment.The low level of economic development the basic factor that restricts the agricultural transfer population and farmers’ inability to obtain citizens’ rights in underdeveloped areas.For urban economic development,the basic measure is to increase urban supply,with the aim of exerting the growth pole effect,scale effect and spillover effect of cities.For rural economic development,the basic measure is to develop modern agriculture.On the basis of land concentration,we should attract modern factors into agriculture and improve agricultural productivity and added value of agricultural products.The opposing development of urban and rural areas restricts economic development according to Marx’s theory of urban and rural development.The basic means to promote the economic development of the whole region is to promote the integration of urban and rural areas in underdeveloped areas.We must pay attention to the intermediary role of cities and towns between cities and rural areas,and realize the integration of urban and rural areas through the construction of urban functions and the integration of villages and towns.Through the above basic measures,we can promote the high-quality economic development in underdeveloped areas,and finally improve the ability of accelerating the process of citizenization in underdeveloped areas.Fifthly,According to the above analysis,this paper puts forward that enterprises and government should be the main body in underdeveloped areas to speed up the process of citizenization.Citizenization requires citizens’ rights and treatment,the core of which is employment.Enterprises,organizations seeking to maximize profits,are important subjects to solve employment problems.Underdeveloped areas,attracts the inflow of enterprises from developed areas and fully mobilizes the enthusiasm of social capital in citizenization while developing local enterprises.On the basis of correctly handling the relationship between the government and the market,we should build a market integrating urban and rural areas on the basis of agricultural modernization,and undertake the industries transferred from developed areas in regional integration.To provide a good macro environment for enterprises to play their roles,it is necessary to give full play to the positive role of the government,improve the basic public services and infrastructure construction by the leading of the local government and the support of the central government.