| Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,China has always adhered to the implementation of the policy of opening up to the outside world.With its comparative advantage in labor force,China has not only attracted enterprises from all over the world to invest in China,becoming a veritable "world factory",but also led to the rapid development of China's foreign trade.In general,the reform and opening up has played a significant role in promoting China's economic development,but the "negative effects" brought by the extensive economic development model of "exchanging market for technology" have gradually become prominent.This is mainly reflected in the long-term "low-end value chain lock" situation in many industrial sectors in China.The main reason for this situation is that China's industrial innovation capacity is insufficient,the industrial competitiveness is weak,can not be embedded into the high-end value chain.Therefore,the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that innovation is the primary driving force for development.From this point of view,to improve the output of innovation is a major problem to be solved in China.Therefore,how to improve innovation output is not only the key to solve the bottleneck of China's insufficient innovation capacity in the transition stage,but also an important basis for implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and building an innovation-driven country.There are two main ways to improve innovation output in existing literature: one is to increase domestic R&D input,and the other is to absorb and utilize international knowledge spillover.Many scholars' studies show that international knowledge spillover has become an important way to improve innovation output in many developing countries,and even its promoting effect exceeds the independent research and development of host countries.However,it is worth noting that the spillover effects of different channels are significantly different and are limited by the absorption capacity of the host country.Therefore,how to make use of the dividends released by the international flow of production factors and give play to the role of international knowledge spillover in the process of China's industrial innovation output is an important issue to improve China's innovation output and get rid of the "low-end value chain lock".Therefore,this paper studies the impact of international knowledge spillover through FDI and import trade channels on China's industrial innovation output,and explores the mechanism of international knowledge spillover through different channels,which is of great significance to China's improvement of innovation output,optimization of investment policies and construction of an innovative country.In view of this,this article in analyzes the present situation and development trend of foreign capital utilization and import trade and the change trend of the industry innovation,on the basis of established a series of econometric model,the empirical test of the international knowledge spillover effects on our country industry innovation output,reveals the mechanism of action of the international knowledge spillover effect,for the international knowledge spillover effects of study provides a new perspective.The main conclusions are as follows:First,through the trend analysis of the changes in China's utilization of foreign investment,import trade and innovation activities,it is found that the growth trend of FDI investment is stable,but there are differences in each industry segment.Specifically,the transportation industry,computer and instrument and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry are more prominent.The total amount of import trade is on the rise,and the increase of import trade plays an important role in the balance of international payments,which creates more opportunities for China to imitate and learn advanced technologies from importing countries.There is still a lot of room for improvement in innovation input and output in China's industrial sectors.Most industries are still highly dependent on foreign technologies,attach less importance to absorptive capacity and invest less,and may fall into the "technology import cycle trap".Secondly,through the study of the impact of international knowledge spillover on China's industrial innovation output and the threshold effect,it is found that the influence mechanism of international knowledge spillover effect of FDI and import trade channels is different.Without the influence of absorptive capacity,FDI has significant knowledge spillover effect,while import trade is not ideal.However,when the absorptive capacity measured by innovation expenditure and human capital is included,through the moderating effect of absorptive capacity of domestic enterprises,the knowledge spillover effect of the two channels shows nonlinear characteristics,that is,the international knowledge spillover effect can be effectively exerted only when the absorptive capacity reaches a certain level.Further studies show that there is a threshold effect of absorptive capacity,but there is heterogeneity.Specifically,in the FDI channel of international knowledge spillover,there is a single threshold for innovation investment and a double threshold for human capital.Only when the absorptive capacity crosses the first threshold can the FDI knowledge spillover effect be brought into play.In international knowledge spillover way import trade channels,innovation funds investment and human capital have double threshold,innovation funds invested just over the second threshold method,human capital,more than the first threshold method to import trade channels of knowledge spillovers,also found that with the improvement of human capital level,more international knowledge spillover effects,thus,absorptive capacity in our country to absorb international knowledge spillover has an indispensable role in the process.Thirdly,the spatial effect of international knowledge spillover on China's industrial innovation output is studied.This paper introduces the weighting matrix "technology distance" space,build a space doberman dynamic panel model,two channels of FDI and the import trade of industry,and the inspection of the spillover effect between industry,at the same time consider the innovation funds investment and human capital two indicators to measure absorption ability to examine the adjustment role of the international knowledge spillover effect.It is found that if both intra-industry spillover and inter-industry spillover are considered,the spillover effect of international knowledge in FDI channels may not exist within the industry,while the spillover effect in inter-industry is realized through the regulation of innovation investment or human capital.The international knowledge spillover effect of import trade channels in the industry is very obvious,through the competition effect,imitation effect and the technology spillover effect of imported goods to promote the industry innovation output level.However,the spillover effects among industries are all negative,and the absorptive capacity does not play an effective adjustment role,which has a low-end value chain lock-in effect on domestic enterprises.Fourth,based on the non-parametric production model,this paper analyzes the influence process of international knowledge spillover on innovation output and industry differences.It is found that the effect of FDI on the distribution of inefficiency is very significant,which makes the innovation output extend to the effective direction.Only in a few years(such as 2013),FDI neither promotes the outward migration of frontier surface nor changes the distribution of inefficiency,and it has no effect on China's innovation output.The knowledge spillover of import trade channels does not promote the outward migration of the production front of innovation output,but has a significant influence on the distribution of inefficiency,and makes the innovation output extend to the effective direction,and has a significant promoting effect on the technical efficiency.On the other hand,FDI,import trade channels of knowledge spillover effects on innovation output process industry heterogeneity exists,especially in leather,wood,printing of the three industries,and the two channels of international has no effect on its innovation output basic knowledge overflow,and has good effects on the rest of the industry,has changed in many years the efficiency of distribution,to effectively promote the output direction outspread,to a certain extent,also promoted the technical progress of domestic enterprises. |
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