"Going To The Mountains And Going To The Countryside" Experience And Rural Social Entrepreneurship Of Entrepreneur

Rural development is an important economic and social proposition related to global inclusive development.The existing research has put forward two rural development ideas: exogenous and endogenous.As an endogenous development idea,rural social entrepreneurship can balance the relationship between economic development and social construction,providing a new scheme for rural development.It is of great practical significance to explore the generation mechanism of rural social entrepreneurship.The unique generation mechanism of social entrepreneurship is also the focus of current research.There are two main perspectives in the existing research:one is individualism,which believes that the unique individual characteristics promote the generation of social entrepreneurship intention,such as compassion,empathy,moral responsibility and other prosocial motivations;the other is structuralism perspective,which emphasizes the influence of a series of external formal and informal institutional environment on social entrepreneurship entry,such as government activism,institutional pressure and post materialist culture.However,both individualism and structuralism ignore the historical factors of entrepreneurial activities.The differences of entrepreneurial behavior and activities often reflect the special historical environment imprint.The historical environment can leave a deep imprint on the personality traits and abilities of individuals,and have a lasting impact on the subsequent behavior of individuals.The research on the mechanism of social entrepreneurship should trace back to the "upstream" of the life course from the current individual and structural factors,and pay attention to the important role of individual's early growth experience.In order to make up for the deficiency of the existing research,this paper,based on the imprinting theory and the antecedents of social entrepreneurship research,discusses the role of early growth experience on individual's social entrepreneurship.Taking "Send-Down Movement" as the research event,this paper attempts to answer the following four questions in China's specific context: first,does early growth experience affect entrepreneurs' participation in social entrepreneurship activities?Second,how does early growth experience affect entrepreneurs' participation in social entrepreneurship activities? Third,as the environment changes,will the imprint of early growth experience be strengthened or weakened? How do individual,organizational and regional factors affect the maintenance of the imprint? Fourth,does imprint have intergenerational transmission effect? Will the imprint on parents pass on to their children? In view of the above problems,this paper takes the survey of Chinese private enterprises in 2002 and the special survey of Chinese social enterprises in Shanghai University of Finance and economics in 2019 as research samples to test the research problems.This paper is divided into eight chapters.The first chapter is the introduction.This paper introduces the practical and theoretical background,research significance,research ideas and methods,research content and research framework,as well as research innovation points.The second chapter is the literature review and theoretical foundation construction of imprinting theory,life course theory and social entrepreneurship.This paper combs the relevant theories and research context,and points out the necessity of exploring the generation mechanism of social entrepreneurship from a historical perspective based on imprinting theory.The third chapter is an exploratory case study of "Send-Down Movement" experience and entrepreneurs' social entrepreneurship activities.This paper studies the influence mechanism of "Send-Down Movement" experience on entrepreneurs' social entrepreneurship activities.The fourth chapter is the empirical analysis of the effect and mechanism of "Send-Down Movement" experience on entrepreneurs' social entrepreneurship activities,which verifies the unique internal mechanism of "Send-Down Movement " experience affecting entrepreneurs' social entrepreneurship activities,namely,prosocial motivation and cross sectoral resource mobilization ability.The fifth chapter analyzes the strengthening and weakening factors of imprinting of "Send-Down Movement".From the perspective of strengthening and weakening the imprint,this paper studies the moderate role of career mobility experience,danwei system imprint.The sixth chapter is an empirical analysis of the impact of parents' "Send-Down Movement" experience on their children's social entrepreneurship.Focusing on the intergenerational transmission effect of imprint,this paper studies the relationship between parents' experience of "going to the countryside" and their children's social entrepreneurial mission deviation.The seventh chapter is the research and discussion.This chapter summarizes and sorts out the research conclusions and contributions of this paper,and points out that there are some limitations and future research prospects in this paper.The conclusions are as followsFirst,under the influence of imprinting,early growth experience can affect entrepreneurs' participation in social entrepreneurship activities.This study shows that the experience of "Send-Down Movement" will have a lasting imprint on entrepreneurs and make them more likely to participate in rural social entrepreneurship activities.The imprint of the bottom caring,the imprint of nationalism and the imprint of cross sectoral cooperation made entrepreneurs more likely to participate in rural social entrepreneurship activities.Second,early growth imprint can shape the prosocial motivation and cross sectoral resource mobilization ability of entrepreneurs.This study shows that prosocial motivation and cross sectoral resource mobilization ability play a partial mediating role in the relationship between "Send-Down Movement" experience and entrepreneurs' social entrepreneurship activities,respectively.On the one hand,the imprint of bottom caring and nationalism left by the experience of "Send-Down Movement" can enhance the pro social motivation of entrepreneurs;on the other hand,the imprint of cross sectoral cooperation left by the experience of "Send-Down Movement" can enhance the cross sectoral resource mobilization ability of entrepreneurs.Thirdly,the maintenance of imprinting is significantly affected by subsequent environmental dynamics and imprint environment matching.This study shows that career mobility weakens the positive relationship between entrepreneur's "Send-Down Movement" experience and social entrepreneurial activities;the imprint of danwei system strengthens the positive relationship between entrepreneurs' experience of "Send-Down Movement" and social entrepreneurial activities.Fourth,the imprint has intergenerational transmission,and individuals can obtain "second-hand" imprints indirectly from their parents.This study shows that parents' experience of " Send-Down Movement " will have an indirect impact on their children,and social entrepreneurs whose parents experienced the " Send-Down Movement " may also have stronger prosocial motivation and cross sectoral resource mobilization ability,which helps social entrepreneurs to pay attention to social goals in the process of entreprise operation and prevent the occurrence of mission deviation.The contributions of this paper are as followsFirstly,it makes up for the gap of research on the antecedents of social entrepreneurship.Both individualism and structuralism research have ignored the historical factors of entrepreneurial activities.The research on the generation mechanism of social entrepreneurship should trace back to the "upstream" of the life course from the current individual and structural factors,and pay attention to the shaping significance of individual's early growth experience.This paper first constructs and verifies the theoretical framework of the impact of early growth experience on social entrepreneurship activities,and reveals the important impact of early growth experience on individual social entrepreneurship decision-making from the perspective of imprinting theory.Secondly,it improves the theoretical framework of imprinting.This paper constructs a complete theoretical framework of "imprint source-imprint effectimprint maintenance-imprint transfer".Most of the existing studies have separated the imprinting process,and lack of a complete understanding of the imprinting theory.This paper systematically studies what kind of imprint is left for "Send-Down Movement",how the imprint works,how the imprint function can be maintained,and whether the imprint can be transmitted from generation to generation.Thirdly,it enriches the content of imprinting theory.(1)In terms of the source of imprinting,the existing researches on imprinting theory at the individual level mainly focus on the imprint of education and work,but ignore the imprinting effect of early experience of individual life course.Based on the "Send-Down Movement" event,this paper explores the imprinting effect of early growth experience on individual social entrepreneurship,enriches the research on the source of imprint.(2)In terms of imprinting effects,how entrepreneurs are imprinted and how the imprinting process affects entrepreneurial decision making is still an important and undisclosed problem(Mathias et al.2015).Although the existing studies have proposed that imprinting can affect entrepreneurs' decision-making in terms of cognition and ability,this process has not been empirically verified.This paper,from the perspective of prosocial motivation and cross sectoral resource mobilization ability,links entrepreneurs' experience of "Send-Down Movement" with rural social entrepreneurship decision-making,which not only provides a concrete evidence for the above conclusion,but also reveals the process of imprinting to a certain extent.(3)In terms of imprinting maintenance,we found that the career mobility experience after leaving the imprinting environment weakens the original imprint,while the organizational danwei system imprint strengthens the original imprint,which verifies the role of the subsequent environmental dynamics and environmental matching on the maintenance of the original imprint.(4)In the aspect of imprint transmission,this paper finds that imprint has intergenerational transmission effect,that is,children may obtain the imprint on their parents indirectly.Few studies have focused on the intergenerational transmission effect of imprinting.This paper finds that if parents have the experience of "Send-Down Movement",their children will also have relatively higher prosocial motivation and cross sectoral resource mobilization ability,which will help to curb the occurrence of mission deviation in the operation of social enterprises.Fourthly,it expands the theory of life course.The existing researches on life course theory mostly explain the influence mechanism of early experiences based on the cumulative advantage or disadvantage theory,ignoring the strong imprintinging effect of some sensitive period experiences,and the individual experience forms the characteristics consistent with the environment at that time.Even if there are accumulated advantages or disadvantages,these characteristics still exist.This paper reveals how the early growth experience has a long-term imprinting effect on the social entrepreneurial behavior of individuals,which is an expansion of the research on individual life course.However,there are some limitations in this paper: First,individuals will experience multiple sensitive periods in the subsequent growth process,and each sensitive period may be imprinted with diversified imprints.Future research should be based on diachronic analysis to explore the relationship and evolution process of multiple imprints in different stages,so as to fully reveal the formation path of social entrepreneurship decision-making and action.Second,the research object of this paper is only entrepreneurs,there are sample limitations.Although the entrepreneur sample can avoid the problem of class difference to a certain extent,it also affects the applicability of the conclusion.Future research should be based on a larger scope and more meta research to further verify and enrich the conclusions of this paper.Third,this paper only studies the rural social entrepreneurship of entrepreneurs.Whether the "Send-Down Movement" experience will have an impact on other types of social entrepreneurship activities remains to be further verified.