Manufacturing Servitization: Evolution Mechanism,Efficiency And Path Selection

As China enters the post-industrial era,the new normal of economic development is reflected in the rapid development of producer services and the continuous enhancement of servitization trend of manufacturing industry.The servitization of manufacturing industry is of great strategic significance to the adjustment of national economic structure,the optimization and upgrading of industrial sectors and the transformation of business model and product innovation of manufacturing enterprises.However,compared with the developed countries,the servitization process of China's manufacturing industry is still obviously lagging behind.With seriously insufficient experience of servitization,a large number of enterprises have fallen into the “service paradox” because of “blind” servitization.As a result,their business efficiency hardly improved.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth study on the outstanding problems existing in the servitization process of the manufacturing industry in China.The existing research results,both in theory and in practice,are relatively scattered in content,methods and viewpoints,and fail to form a complete research framework.Therefore,on the basis of analyzing the evolution mechanism of servitization,this paper conducts theoretical and empirical study on the industrial interactive efficiency,enterprise business efficiency and path selection in the servitization process of the manufacturing industry in China from the macro-industry,meso-enterprise and micro-product levels respectively.From the industrial level,the formation of an efficient interactive relationship with the producer services is the important foundation for the servitization of manufacturing industry.However,the existing studies rarely link the industrial interactive efficiency with the servitization of manufacturing industry.Therefore,based on the industrial interaction theory and the industrial value chain theory,this paper analyses the current situation and characteristics of the interactive efficiency between the manufacturing industry and the producer services in the servitization process,thus helps to grasp the interactive development law of the two industries,push forward the transformation and upgrade of the two industries in the interactive development,and promote the stable and efficient development of the servitization of manufacturing industry.From the enterprise level,the fundamental force of implementing servitization strategy lies in the pursuit of excellent business efficiency.However,there are few studies on the relationship between the servitization level and business efficiency of enterprises and no unified conclusion has yet been reached.This paper comprehensively evaluates the servitization level of manufacturing industry from the perspectives of service strategy,input servitization and output servitization,and then analyses the relationship between the servitization level and enterprise business efficiency,thus helps to better understand the current situation and impact of manufacturing servitization,and provides theoretical and practical reference for the efficient implementation of servitization strategy.From the product level,the success of servitization strategy depends largely on its path selection.According to the value chain theory and service outsourcing theory,manufacturing enterprises should take into account both input servitization and output servitization,as well as the internalization and externalization of different service functions.However,most of the existing studies focus on output servitization,but pay less attention to input servitization,and most of them are qualitative discussions at the industrial or enterprise level,and few quantitative studies at the product level.This paper constructs a servitization path selection model from the product level to compare four kinds of servitization paths of manufacturing enterprises:(1)externalize both input services and output services;(2)externalize input services and internalize output services;(3)internalize input services and externalize output services;(4)internalize both input services and output services.Then,the practical application value of the model is proved by a case study.Thus,people can have a more intuitive and comprehensive understanding of the servitization path selection of manufacturing enterprises.At the same time,it provides theoretical basis and solutions for manufacturing enterprises to make optimal servitization path selection according to their own conditions and the market environment.