Comparative Study On Rural Cooperative Economic Organizations Between China And Japan

In the face of China’s current problems of agriculture,rural areas and farmers,that is,the small-scale operation of farmers and its low productivity and inability to connect with the big market(agricultural problems),the dual structure of rural and urban areas(rural problems),and the widening income gap between rural and urban residents(farmers’ problems),from the perspective of Marxist Productivity determining production relations,solve the problems The key is to improve the productivity of agricultural labor,and moderate scale management is the way to realize agricultural modernization.At present and for a long time to come,under the premise of the small-scale peasant household management and the coexistence of various business modes,how to realize the adjustment and optimization of economic development and social economic structure(production relationship)in rural areas through the cooperation and organization of regional agriculture,and adhere to and improve the basic rural business system through the joint action of market,cooperative economic organization and government Finally,the construction of a new rural management system is an important issue to fundamentally solve the three rural issues and realize the modernization of agricultural and rural areas.This study focuses on rural cooperative economic organizations,from the macro and micro perspectives,using political economy,macroeconomics and organizational management theory,through the comparative analysis of the historical changes,the internal farmland system,the external market circulation system,the organizational form,the organizational function,the construction of the new rural management system and the role of the endogenous development of the agricultural countryside of China’s rural cooperative economic organization and Japan Agricultural Co-operatives and the village-based farming organizations,the paper puts forward policy suggestions for the development of China’s current and future rural cooperative economic organizations.This study consists of eight chapters.The first chapter puts forward the research questions,analyzes the background significance of the research,reviews the existing related research,and determines the scope,research methods and research structure of this study.The second chapter,on the basis of combing the cooperation thoughts of marxist classic writers Marx and Engels,Lenin and Mao Zedong,analyzes the cooperative principle using the marxist political economy theory as the analytical framework,and puts forward the theoretical framework of the cooperative principle in the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics.In this study,the development of rural cooperative economic organization(including production,supply and marketing,credit cooperation and other businesses)and the construction of a comprehensive cooperation system in China have the following functions:(1)production cooperation: play a function similar to that of ordinary enterprises,can improve agricultural productivity in the level of division of labor and cooperation.(2)supply and marketing,credit cooperation: can be in the quality and quantity of two aspects of the savings of commercial profits,so as to improve the average profit margin of the total social capital.(3)the adjustment function in the economic structure of the society(production relations): Stable social structure and small producers to raise the level of income is conducive to ease the social production and the demand of structural contradictions,not only by maintaining the stable supply of agricultural products and expanding farmers demand directly play a role on the development of economy,at the same time,the stability of social economic structure,and in turn promoting the economic and social sustainable and healthy development.The third chapter,based on historical materialism,sorts out and analyzes the historical evolution of the rural cooperative economic organizations of China and Japan,laying a foundation for understanding the development and changes of the rural cooperative economic organizations system of the two countries and analyzing the current rural cooperative economic organizations in the process of productivity development.The rural cooperative economic organizations in the history of both countries were government-led products,but the rural cooperative economic organizations in China mainly played a role as a part of the revolution and socialist movement,while the Japanese peasant association mainly played a role as a quasi-administrative institution to remedy the shortcomings of liberalism and protect farmers.After China’s reform and opening up,the disintegration of the people’s commune system led to the temporary suspension of the development of rural cooperative economic organizations.After the 1990 s,Japan began to reform the market orientation under the background of changes in the internal and external environment.At present,as a rural service system,peasant association still plays an important role in commercial circulation and credit insurance.The fourth chapter makes theoretical and empirical analysis of rural cooperative economic organizations in China based on relevant policies and laws,statistical data and research.Including: the development and current situation of professional cooperatives in China at the macro statistical level;based on the investigation of professional cooperatives in Suixi City,Guangdong Province,the original intention and existing problems of the establishment of professional cooperatives are analyzed;combined with the investigation of Daning County,Shanxi Province,the characteristics,functions,conditions and institutional advantages of collective ownership are analyzed,that is,through the internal construction of collective economic organizations,"village" is built Based on the investigation of Jiushan capital cooperative in Yuhuan City,Zhejiang Province,the paper specifically studies the system,credit management,loan structure,comparative advantage and the construction of the Trinity comprehensive cooperation system of the professional cooperative;based on the pilot reform of Jingxi City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Based on the investigation of the reform,this paper analyzes the organization and function of the Trinity comprehensive cooperative with built-in financial function which is built on the basis of the collective economic organization,analyzes its rationality in the realization of rural endogenous development,and puts forward development suggestions for its existing problems.The fifth chapter studies the rural cooperative economic organization of Japan,which is similar to China’s agricultural resources endowment.On the basis of comprehensive utilization of the existing research of Japanese scholars on collective farming,based on the relevant statistical data and reports of the Japanese government and the government,starting with the change of agricultural structure,this paper reviews the current situation and policy evolution of collective farming from the perspective of organization,analyzes its character,rationality,existing problems and the "double-layer construction method" of collective farming organization,and adopts the method of "double-layer construction" of village-based farming organizations This paper analyzes the specific organizational form,function,and existing shortcomings of the "double-layer construction method" in the case of village-based farming organizations.The sixth chapter analyzes the similarities and differences of agricultural problems,external circulation system,farmland right system,development direction and management system faced by rural cooperative economic organizations of China and Japan.The agricultural problems China and Japan are facing can be understood from the perspective of "agricultural adjustment",that is,through the structural adjustment of agricultural land and labor force,the improvement of agricultural labor productivity.But unlike Japan,China also faces an urban-rural income gap.The key reason why there is no income gap in the process of agricultural modernization in Japan lies in its agricultural protection policy implemented through the agricultural association system.In the reform of grain circulation system,both China and Japan have moved from government control to marketization.The general trend is to use economic leverage to promote marketization of grain circulation,reduce the financial burden of the government and relax restrictions on private grain operation.The main difference is that Japan’s designated legal entity for the planned purchase of grain belongs to the peasant association system and is a civil society.China’s state-owned grain enterprises are not only commercial operators,but also the implementation of the government’s food policy.On changes in land rights system,between the two countries from the farmers of farmland system of socialism as a starting point,but due to the fragmentary scattered land resources endowment,the two countries develop agriculture requires moderate concentration of farmland rights,in the form of organization management body become indispensable to modern agriculture development main body,and organizational process,collective land ownership is superior to private ownership.It is a common problem for China and Japan to establish a rural operation system including large-scale farmers,farmers’ cooperatives and agricultural enterprises on the premise of maintaining the rural foundation(regional resources with farmers and farmland as the core).In terms of the development of rural cooperative economic organizations,both the farmer cooperatives in China and the agricultural collection-farming organizations in Japan were originally established to cope with the adjustment of agricultural structure.In terms of the construction of rural operation system,China’s village co-operatives and the trinity co-operatives with built-in financial functions are the discovery and practice of the new connotation of the two-layer operation system.In Japan,the generalized settlement farming organization formed by the two-layer construction method has also realized a new type of unified and divided double-layer management at the village level.The seventh chapter,based on the above research,puts forward policy suggestions for the development of rural cooperative economic organizations in China.It mainly includes: first,analyzes the advantages of collective ownership of farmland in the two-tier management system,and proposes to innovate the rural management system around the rural cooperative economic organization.Secondly,the paper discusses the dialectical unity between rural marketization and organization,analyzes the important role of rural cooperative economic organizations in factor marketization,and puts forward the endogenous development model that promotes rural areas to realize increasing marginal revenue through organizational innovation.Thirdly,on the basis of analyzing the function of the rural cooperative economic organization,it is proposed to build a moderate scale of joint organization around rural cooperative economic organizations.Fourth,on the basis of comparing the six industrialization of rural areas in Japan,it analyzes and puts forward that the rural cooperative economic organization should be the main body to promote the integrated development of rural three industries.The eighth chapter is the conclusion and prospect,summarizing the conclusions of the above chapters,and looking forward to the research direction of rural cooperative economic organization in the future.