| With the rapid development of global economy and technology,creativity has become the key factor for improving national competitiveness and changing global industrial structure.Compared with traditional industries,the development of creative industry isn’t constrained by resources and environment,so it accords with the concept of green economy and sustainable development.In addition,with the improvement of residents living standard and education degree,creative products and services with cultural connotation have received more and more wide recognized and loved.For our country,the creative industry provides a great impetus for the rapid optimization of industrial institutions and the comprehensive transformation of social economy.It will become one of the pillar industries of national economic development in the future.Similar to the traditional industries development path,the rising of creative industry was also based on the distribution pattern of spatial agglomeration.In recent years,the theoretical research on various aspects of creative industry has become enriched.However,the systematic research on this field is rare.In this context,this paper study the current features,formation mechanism and economic effect of creative industrial spatial agglomeration with the methods of industrial economy,regional economy and business management based on the particularity of creative industry and the theory of traditional industrial agglomeration.The main contents include the following six modules.Module one is about the definition and division of creative industry.This article defines the creative industry based on the concept provided by creative industrial management departments and academical researchers in different countries.On top of it,according to Chinese current economic background and international creative industrial development history,this paper gives the industry division standard of creative industry.It includes art industry(art trade and cultural performances,etc.),software service industry,entertainment industry,design industry,publishing industry,radio and video industry,advertising industry,construction industry.Module two is the status analysis and level measurement of creative industrial spatial agglomeration.This article analyzes the development course of Chinese creative industry from the national level,including the international competitiveness and value added of creative industries.Then,Beijing,Shanghai,Shenzhen and Hangzhou are selected as the typical cities to analyze the current situation of spatial agglomeration of Chinese creative industry.Finally,this paper measures the degree of creative industrial spatial agglomeration in the Eastern,Central,Western and Northeastern region and 31 provinces from 2007 to 2016 with the location entropy index,the spatial Gini coefficient,the absolute and relative geographic concentration index,so as to use the basic data for the subsequent studies.The results show that although the spatial agglomeration level of Chinese creative industry is not high,the spatial agglomeration mode has been gradually formed.Module three is the theoretical analysis and empirical test for the formation mechanism of creative industrial spatial agglomeration.This paper summarizes the factors which affect the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration are human capital,market demand,cultural environment,policy measure and related industries.Based on it,this paper uses the game model to deduce the effect of knowledge spillover on the location selection of enterprises,and thus get one of the dynamic mechanisms of ctreative industrial spatial agglomeration.Also,this paper uses the Lotka-Volterra model to deduce the symbiotic relationship between symbiotic units and the stable state of creative enterprise agglomeration distribution,so as to get another dynamic mechanism of ctreative industrial spatial agglomeration.On this basis,this paper makes a theoretical analysis about the five factors’ influencing mechanism,and puts forward that all factors can affect the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration directly,and the human capital and related industries can also affect the spatial agglomeration through knowledge spillover and mutual benefit symbiotic mechanism.Thus,a theoretical model for the formation mechanism of creative industrial spatial agglomeration.Module four is the empirical test for the formation mechanism creative industrial spatial agglomeration.By using the questionnaire survey,this article collects the views of creative industrial employees and researchers in various regions on the formation mechanism of creative industrial spatial agglomeration.This paper uses the AMOS software to construct a structural equation model which is based on the first hand data of 419 valid questionnaires.The empirical results show that the human capital,cultural environment and policy measures have significant direct effects on the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration,and the human capital and related industries can also affect the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration through the knowledge spillover mechanism and symbioc mechanism.This result negates the hypothesis of market demand and related industrial factors in the theoretical model : the related industries can not promote the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration directly.Only the related supporting industries with knowledge spillovers and symbiotic relationship with creative industry can push it effectively.Also,the effect of market demand on the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration is not significant,which is the biggest difference from the previous conclusions,but it is consistent with the actual development of creative industry.This is because the creative industry is in the early stage in our country,and most creative enterprises are small and medium sized,so the location selection is more inclined to the relatively cheap land,but the high demand section of creative products is generally in the expensive central part of big cities.Module five is the economic effect analysis of creative industrial spatial agglomeration.The existing research is scare on the correlation between creative industrial spatial agglomeration and enterprise performance.In order to make up for this shortcomings,this paper puts forward the mechanism of the economic effect of creative industrial spatial agglomeration in the micro level from the perspective of creative flow.The creative enterprises get creative points through creative spillover,creative learning and creative sharing,and they can reduce production costs and increase profits from this three stages.Finally,the performance of creative enterprises can be promoted in the early stage.However,compared with the new enterprises in the later period,the cost of creative spillover is more than income for the mature creative enterprises,which leads to the decline of enterprise performance.In order to verify the theoretical analysis,this paper uses the data of 178 listed creative enterprises in 2007-2016 as samples to carry out empirical analysis with static and dynamic least square method and two stage system generalized moment estimation method.The result shows that there is a "inverted U" relationship between the creative industrial spatial agglomeration and enterprise performance.The inflection point is 2.171.This means that the spatial agglomeration can only promote the performance of creative enterprises in a certain range.Combined with the present situation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration in China,the degree of agglomeration in Beijing is higher than 2.171,and all other provinces has not reached it.Therefore,it is particularly necessary and urgent to strengthen the creative industrial spatial agglomeration in various regions.Module six is the suggestions for the construction of creative industrial spatial agglomeration.Britain is the country that puts forward the creative industry earliest,and America is the country that protects intellectual property test,and Australia is the country that develops the "Queensland" model which is used widest in China.So,this paper reviews the development process of spatial agglomeration of creative industry in this three countries in order to provide certain implications for the creative industrial development in China.At the same time,combined with a series of conclusions drawn from this article,the paper puts forward some measures to build the creative industrial spatial agglomeration from the perspective of talents,environment,government and industry.Among them,the talents measures mainly include talent training and talent communication;the environment measures mainly include brand building and cultural facilities construction;the government measures mainly include guiding policy and preferential policy;the industry measures mainly include the integration of technology and financial support.This paper uses the methods of literature review,comparative analysis,questionnaire survey and empirical analysis to study the formation mechanism and economic effects of creative industrial spatial agglomeration from theoretial and empirical aspects systematically.The main innovations are as follows:(1)Based on the theory of endogenous growth and the symbiotic,this paper adds the intermediary variables of knowledge spillover and symbiosis,and constructs the formation mechanism model of creative industrial spatial agglomeration.Most previous studies have focused on the analysis of factors that affect the creative industrial spatial agglomeration,but ignore the mechanism.With the game model and Lotka-Volterra model,this paper derives the dynamic effect of knowledge spillover and symbiosis on the formation of creative industrial spatial agglomeration.Also,this paper analyses the mechanism of five influencing factors(human capital,market demand,culture environment,policy measures,related industries),and puts forward the theoretical model of formation mechanism of creative industrial spatial agglomeration.This theoretical model has not only supplements and improves the existing research,but also provides a thinking direction for the construction of the creative industrial spatial agglomeration.(2)Based on the combination of normative research and empirical test,this paper makes a questionnaire survey on the employees of creative industries at home and abroad,and puts forward the unremarkable effect of market demand on the creative industrial spatial accumulation according to the results of structural equation model.Considering the data limitations,700 questionnaires are issued among the employees in the creative industry at home and abroad,and 419 valid questionnaires were collected.A structural equation model is made with the first hand data,but the conclusion are not consistent with previous hypothesis completely.The effect of market demand on creative industrial spatial agglomeration is not significant.This is because most of the creative enterprises are start-ups at present,so there is not enough capital for them to locate in expensive high demand areas.This is different from the previous research conclusions,but reflects the current situation of creative industry in China.(3)Based on the perspective of creative flow,this paper proposes the mechanism of economic effect of creative industrial spatial agglomeration at the micro level.Most of the research about the economic effect of creative industrial spatial agglomeration focus on the macro or middle level to study the relationship between the creative industrial spatial agglomeration with regional economy or industrial development,ignoring the effect on enterprise performance.From the perspective of creative flow,this paper puts forward the creative industr ial spatial agglomeration affects the performance of creative enterprises through creative spillover,creative learning and creative sharing,and the mechanism turn out "inverted U".In order to verify this conjecture,the complete and effective data of178 listed creative enterprises in China from 2007 to 2016 are selected to doing empirical test with the static and dynamic empirical analysis by using the least square method and the two stage system generalized moment estimation method.The results confirm the theoretical analysis and get the value of the inflection point is 2.171.This not only enriches the relevant research in this field,but also provides a strong theoretical basis for governments to formulate policies in different regions. |
