| In the process of urban modernization development,"urban diseases" and "rural decline" have become common worldwide problems,which brought challenges to the modernization and sustainable development of cities and villages.The People’s Republic of China has always attached importance to break the dual structure of urban and rural areas,promote the free flow of urban and rural factors in both directions,and reshape a new type of urban-rural relationship.To this end,the strategies of balancing rural and urban development,urban-rural integration,and urban-rural composition have been proposed successively.Especially since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,major strategic deployments have been made to establish and improve the system,mechanism and policy system for the integration of urban and rural development.The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on the establishment and improvement of the system,mechanism and policy for the integration of urban and rural development"have been put forward.The important strategic decision is to "resolutely eliminate the drawbacks of the system and mechanism,promote the free flow of urban and rural elements,accelerate the formation of a new type of industrial-agricultural-urban-rural relationship that promotes mutual promotion of workers and farmers,complements each other,and fully integrates between urban and rural areas,and promotes common prosperity." The integrated development of urban and rural areas requires overall planning of urban and rural spatial structure,industrial development,infrastructure,public services,resources and energy,and ecological environment.It also needs to promote the two-way flow of talents,land,capital and other elements.As a stage of urban development,"counter-urbanization" is specifically manifested in the transformation of the spatial distribution pattern of the population,that is,the population has shifted from agglomeration in the central city to agglomeration in the suburbs and villages.This change can solve the "urban disease" in the central city to a certain extent,and at the same time bring capital and talents to the development of villages and towns,and provide a good opportunity for the integrated development of urban and rural areas and rural revitalization.In other words,studying our country’s current "counter-urbanization" problem can not only accurately determine the new characteristics and trends of population mobility,but also promote the development of urban-rural integration and rural revitalization.This article first uses the visual literature analysis method to summarize the research hotspots and trends of counter-urbanization at home and abroad,and finds that the relative "counter-urbanization"phenomenon is related to the development policy of urban-rural relations,leading to the third chapter.Secondly,based on population migration motivation theory,Tiebout’s "voting with feet" hypothesis,family migration decision-making theory,and the Capability Approach of Amartya Sen,the "two sides and three dimensions" theoretical framework is established.Then,using the step-by-step elimination method,the population "counter-urbanization" in the 11 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was investigated,and finally six cities including Shanghai,Nanjing,Wuhan,Nanchang,Kunming,and Guiyang had signs of "counter-urbanization".Based on the population "counter-urbanization" trend measurement index system,the entropy method is used to comprehensively evaluate the overall"counter-urbanization" trend of the six cities.Third,starting from the supply side,it analyzes the impact of macroeconomic factors and the level of public service supply on population "counter-urbanization",resulting in urban-rural income gaps,migration costs,rural economic development levels,the upgrading of urban industrial structures,and the township public service supply level.The unique household registration system and the land system also play a certain role in the "counter-urbanization",and different groups of people may have different motivations.Therefore,Chapter 6 focuses on the agricultural migrant population and uses the 2017 China migrant population dynamic monitoring survey data to analyze income levels,land rights,social security,living conditions,social integration,and family responsibilities to the agricultural migrant population from the perspectives of individual welfare and households.Finally,in the context of urban-rural integration,combined with the analysis results of the influencing factors,this article suggested some guidance strategies including establish an urban and rural "equivalent" development concept,identify the differences in the welfare needs of different groups of people,promote the supply of public services to be more fair and accessible,etc.The innovations of this article are as follows:One is the innovation of the research entry point.This article cuts into the fact that the phenomenon of "counter-urbanization" has occurred,and blazes a new trail,using "counter-urbanization" to connect research on new urbanization and rural revitalization,and build a bridge for the integrated development of urban and rural areas.In addition,by summarizing the development and research logic of my country’s local "counter-urbanization",the characteristics of the local "counter-urbanization" trend are refined.The second is the innovation of research perspectives.This paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of the motivations of population "counter-urbanization" migration that includes "two sides and three dimensions".From the perspective of macro-supply and micro-demand,we have analyzed the impact of economic dimensions,public service supply dimensions,individual welfare and family dimensions on the "counter-urbanization" of the population,and further investigated the group heterogeneity,individual heterogeneity and city scale effect of this relationship... |
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