| Living stably is one of the important factors for human survival and development in any period.In the past few decades,the rural migrants,who have been gradually completing the career transformation and identity transformation through the geographical flow,have made great contribution to the development of China's urban economy.Rural migrants are still facing "social exclusion" while receiving "labor acceptance".Residential exclusion,one aspect of "social exclusion",has become a major obstacle to the integration of rural migrants into the city.Rural migrants live on the edge of cities,"the third space".The existence of the "third space" has caused a series of social problems and became an important aspect of the "semi-urbanization problem" of the rural migrants.It profoundly affects the rural migrants' sense of acquisition,security and well-being in cities.Improving the quality of "New Type of Urbanization" and solving the problem of insufficient development imbalance is the key task of "people-oriented" urbanization construction in China at present.Special attention is needed on rural migrants,because they are a particularly important group in the unbalanced and inadequate development.In terms of theoretical value,taking China's large sample data as a test,the paper focuses on behavior of new immigrants' residential choices in inflow cities,in order to see how the behavior of migrants in developing countries in new cities has changed in the new era.Thus,the research on residential choice of migrants in developing countries might be enriched.How to promote of rural migrants' long-term stable residence in the city,has important economic and social significance,whether from the national level,the city level or the micro level.First,urban housing with livability,which could meet the needs of family migration,is an important material foundation for successful citizenization of rural migrant.How to improve the willingness of the rural migrants with competence to settle in the city,and to realize the goal of living and working in peace and contentment,have become the key task for civilization of rural migrants and development of high-quality urbanization.Second,to enhance the "viscosity" between rural migrants and migratory cities and ensure that the destination receives a lasting demographic dividend,it is the key for government to properly solve the living problem for rural migrants in the city,protect their urban right of residence,and enhance their "sense of acquisition of residence".Third,the quality of living environment,which is an important link into the mainstream of urban society,significantly affects the rural migrants' human capital accumulation,social interaction space.At the same time,it is also the key to realize family migration to cities for rural migrants and solve the "three left-behind problems" such as left-behind children,left-behind women and the elderly,which is of great social significance.Based on the dynamic monitoring survey data of China's floating population from2014 to 2017,this study focuses on residential choice of rural migrants in urban areas,under the framework of the comprehensive application of rational choice theory,human capital theory,migration theory and residence history theory.The urban settlement intention,housing tenure choice and the level of housing consumption are three main contents of the residential choice of rural migrants.Internal influence mechanism of rural migrants' residential choice is studied.Through the above-mentioned study,valuable advice is provided to the government on the further formulation of policies on urban housing for rural migrants."Rational people" will migrate from low-return areas of human capital to high-return areas through migration or mobility,thereby improving their "productivity" at the micro level,that is,to obtain "economic incentive".Human capital has different "productivity" in different regions and industrial sectors.By choosing a workplace that matches their human capital,economic benefits can be maximized.Grasping the "economic incentive" which is unique to the floating population,this study make a systematic and comprehensive study on the internal influence mechanism of urban residential choice of rural migrants: First,based on the theory of human capital,construct the micro-level economic incentive that rural migrants can obtain in the inflow cities,this paper discusses the influence mechanism of the willingness of rural migrant population to settle in cities from the perspective of cost-benefit analysis,and pays attention to how key variables such as economic incentive and migration distance affect the decision-making of urban settlement of rural migrants.Second,based on the rational choice theory,the influence mechanism of rural migrants' housing tenure choice in cities is studied,focusing on identifying the influence of key variables such as economic incentive,income uncertainty and availability of financial resources at the urban level on the housing ownership choice of the target group.Third,based on the theory of housing class,taking the special "interest-based" flow of rural migrants as the starting point,the influence mechanism of housing consumption level of rural migrants in urban areas is analyzed,analyzing the influence of key factors such as economic incentive and land resource endowment on urban dwelling quality of the group.The possible innovations of this study focus on research perspectives and research methods: first,innovations in research perspectives.This study analyzes the inner influence mechanism of urban settlement intention,housing ownership and living quality of rural migrants from three different perspectives respectively: cost-benefit,uncertainty and interest-based mobility.Specifically,highlighting the particularity of rural migrants,the study focuses on the role of economic incentive,migration distance,income uncertainty,availability on financial resource and land resource endowment and other key variables in the rural migrants' urban residential choice behavior.Second,the innovation of the research method(variable selection).On one hand,based on the theory of human capital,this study constructs the economic incentive of rural migrant households,"economic incentive",at the micro level,and comprehensively examines the important role of mobile dividend in the behavior of urban residential choice of rural migrants.One the other hand,for the analysis on the dwelling quality of rural migrants,the land resource endowment is decomposed into two key variables,which are the ownership characteristic(land resource endowment index)and the actual return from the land resource endowment.And the role of these two key variables in the influence factor model of urban living quality of rural migrants is empirically tested,to explore the influence of land resource endowment on rural migrants' urban living quality,whether it is “locking effect” or “wealth effect”.In addition,in terms of the explained variables,rural migrants' urban living quality was measured from two aspects: the “quality”(residential health index)and “quantity”(per capita housing floor area).In this paper,research finding on the residential choice of rural migrants are listed as follows:(1)the economic incentive is an important factor affecting the urban residential choice of rural migrant families.First,it plays a significant role in the group's willingness to settle in cities.At the same time,the marginal effect of the economic incentive on the urban settlement intention of rural migrants gradually decrease with the improvement of the level of the economic incentive.Compared with the sample with intra-provincial mobility,the economic incentive has a greater marginal effect on the urban settlement intention of rural migrants with cross-provincial mobility.Second,whether from objective economic ability or subjective psychological cognition,when the rural migrants obtain a higher inflow dividend from the inflow areas,it will promote their home ownership in the inflow areas.Third,the economic incentive has a significant positive impact on the per capita living area of rural migrants in cities and on the health of living environment.The above positive effect is partially realized by intermediary variable“urban settlement intentions”.(2)Migration distance,income uncertainty,availability on financial resource and land resource endowment are important factors that could not be ignored in analysis of urban residential choice of rural migrants.First,the marginal effect of the economic incentive on the willingness of rural migrant to settle in urban areas will gradually decrease with the increase of the distance between the inflow and the space of the domicile.Second,the increase of household income uncertainty not only has a direct negative impact on home ownership rate of rural migrants in urban areas,but also has indirect negative effects by reducing the positive effect of the economic incentive on the probability of purchasing home of rural migrants.Third,the "housing financing friendliness" at the urban level has a significant positive impact on the probability of rural migrant families on purchasing home in cities where they have flowed in.Fourth,the ownership of land resource endowment plays a negative "locking effect" on the living quality(per capita living area)for rural migrants.At the same time,the income brought by land resource endowment can have a certain positive "wealth effect" on health of living environment for rural migrants.(3)Rural migrant families show multi-dimensional heterogeneity in urban residential choice behavior,such as group heterogeneity in demographic characteristics,including inter-generational differences,and spatial heterogeneity in the size and hierarchy of different cities.On the basis of the above research findings,some policy proposals are put forward on how to actively promote rural migrants who have capacities for work to live in cities in a stable way,so that they can achieve " Everyone has a roof over the head" in the city,as follows: To stabilize and moderately expand the employment chances of the rural migrants in cities or towns,to guarantee their right on a reasonable salary;To adopt customized housing policy measures to solve the housing problems of rural migrant families and improve the effectiveness of policies,according to personalized demand from rural migrant families in different regions or different living strata in cities;To strengthen the signal of " friendly housing financing environment ",which is released by the housing provident fund system;To classify the rural migrants and solve properly the problem of their transferring of land resources in rural areas. |
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