Study On The Regional Differences In The Entrance Opportunities Of High-quality Higher Education In China

Entering the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,China's higher education has moved from popularization to popularization,and the main contradictions in the reform and development of higher education have changed.As an important agenda of the reform and development of higher education in China,increasing the enrollment opportunities of high-quality higher education and narrowing the differences between regions have not only attracted the attention of relevant government departments,but also been a hot issue for scholars to study.Therefore,many researchers focus on the influence of regional distribution structure of high-quality higher education resources,provincial quota system of college entrance examination quota and higher education management system on regional high-quality higher education enrollment opportunities.Different from the existing studies,this paper uses the relevant theories of economics for reference to make a qualitative analysis of the attributes of higher education products and the allocation and distribution functions of the government for higher education enrollment opportunities.On this basis,it respectively constructs the allocation model of university enrollment plan and the regional difference allocation model of university enrollment resources,and combines the relevant data,according to the "status quo cause evaluation logic road" This paper empirically discusses the regional differences of the enrollment opportunities of high quality higher education in China.The main research questions of this paper include: first,what is the level,the difference and the changing trend of high-quality higher education enrollment opportunities in different regions? Second,what logic does the government follow and what measures have been taken to regulate the distribution of high-quality higher education enrollment opportunities,and what are the implementation effects? Third,how to allocate the cross provincial enrollment plan for high-quality higher education represented by high-level universities? Fourth,what are the factors that influence the regional allocation of high-quality higher education enrollment resources in China?Fifthly,what are the shortcomings of macro-control policies of high-quality higher education in China,and how to effectively promote the balanced distribution of enrollment opportunities of high-quality higher education in China?In view of the above research problems,this paper first analyzes the current situation of high-quality higher education enrollment opportunities in different regions of China according to the relevant data from 2013 to 2018;secondly,based on the relevant policy documents on enrollment opportunity adjustment issued by the government since the reform and opening up,it analyzes the development process,main contents and adjustment logic of high-quality higher education enrollment opportunity adjustment Thirdly,based on the theory of gravitation model,this paper constructs the influencing factor model of regional distribution of college enrollment plan;fourthly,based on the theory of triangle relationship model of higher education,this paper constructs the analysis model of the differences in the allocation of college enrollment resources;fifthly,according to the post positivism research paradigm,this paper constructs the evaluation standard of the macro-control policy of the enrollment opportunity of high-quality higher education in China;Finally,the paper studies the logic and path of promoting the balanced distribution of enrollment opportunities of high-quality higher education in China.This paper mainly draws the following conclusions: first,from 2013 to 2018,the total number of high-quality higher education enrollment opportunities in China has increased.Thanks to the reduction of the provincial differences in the enrollment plans of high-quality higher education,the regional differences in the enrollment opportunities of high-quality higher education in China are large,but they are shrinking year by year.Second,the key reasons for the regional differences in high-quality higher education enrollment opportunities are the adjustment and control policies of higher education enrollment opportunities implemented by the government with the nature of rectifying deviation and the concept of compensation,the distribution rules of existing enrollment plans of colleges and universities,and the different allocation of regional level and total enrollment resources.Specifically speaking,first of all,the adjustment and control policy of enrollment opportunity follows the policy goal orientation of guiding benefit distribution with value load,the implementation process guarantee with policy tool as strategy choice,and the implementation mode adjustment with stock adjustment and incremental arrangement as means.Among them,the change of regional distribution of high-quality higher education resources in the policy control measures has not had a significant impact on the change of regional distribution of high-quality higher education enrollment opportunities;the change of localized enrollment proportion has not had a significant impact on the change of high-quality higher education enrollment opportunities in China;and the implementation of "unconventional" enrollment plans has made the number and quality of enrollment plans in vulnerable areas The enrollment opportunities of quality higher education increased significantly,and the differences between regions and provinces decreased gradually.Secondly,under the comprehensive effect of government,market and natural environment,the first-class colleges and universities in China have formed their own enrollment plan delivery mode based on their own practice,that is,they tend to put more enrollment places in areas with more school-age population,low average education funds for high school students,officially recognized vulnerable areas and areas close to colleges and universities.To some extent,the distribution of the cross province enrollment increment plan has the trace of the overall cross province enrollment plan regional distribution path,which has obvious path dependence and limited precision compensation.Finally,from the perspective of the supply level of high-quality higher education enrollment,the formation of regional differences in enrollment opportunities of high-quality higher education in China is affected by the factors at the regional level and the university level,and there is a significant interaction mechanism between the two.Third,there are some problems in the policy of adjusting and controlling the enrollment opportunities of high-quality higher education in China: pursuing the objective effects within the policy objectives,ignoring the unexpected effects that may occur;pursuing the regional equilibrium of superficial enrollment opportunities based on a single value,ignoring the binding requirements of regional equilibrium development;based on the stock adjustment,the policy implementation mode of incremental arrangement is not conducive to the government The achievement of the government's expected goal of "precision compensation".In order to better promote the balanced distribution of high-quality higher education enrollment opportunities in China,the government needs to consider the following factors when formulating policies: adhere to the provincial quota system,pay attention to the limited role of existing government policy regulation,and fully consider the distribution of college admission Sources of funds;Adhering to the principle of fair and equal distribution,different regions should be classified and allocated;full consideration should be given to the limited role of universities' autonomous control policies.At the same time,the government should take into account the impact of the implementation of these policies and measures on the supply of admission opportunities,the quality of students,the quality of colleges and universities,and the regional mobility of talents.